Assignment on Geology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment on Geology - Essay Example 349). If a supervolcano erupted, the effects would be catastrophic. The Lake Toba eruption, which occurred in what is now Sumatra and Indonesia approximately 74,000 years ago, plunged the earth into a volcanic winter and killed approximately 60% of the human population at the time. There are all kinds of reasons people live near a volcano. The reasons are similar to why people live near other hazards. People tend to live where they have roots, regardless of the potential risks. Fortunately, scientists have set up risk assessments. For example, scientists have developed an extensive series of protocols for the residents living near the Soufriere Hills Volcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat. This volcano was dormant for almost one hundred years before becoming active again in 1995, and has continued to erupt ever since. It eruptions have resulted in over half of Montserrat becoming uninhabitable. There are those who have remained, though. In response to the few that have stubbornly refused to leave their home, scientists founded what eventually became the Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO) immediately after the first phreatic explosions on July 18, 1995 (MVO.ms n.p.). As a result of the MVO’s research, the Soufriere Hills Volcano has become one of the most closely monitored volcanoes in the world. Monitoring of this volcano is done by measuring the deformation of its flanks and dome, by measuring the ambient sulphur dioxide concentrations at ground level, by recording and analyzing volcanic earthquakes, and by visual observations (â€Å"Monitoring n.p.). The MVO publishes their regular reports and risk assessments on their website, and prints leaflets and posters to disseminate throughout the island. The Montserrat government and the MVO have adopted risks assessments since the 1995 eruption, the most recent version being the â€Å"Hazard Level System,† which has been used since August 2008. It divides the southern two-thirds of

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management - Essay Example Operations, quite differently from other major organization’s functional areas such as financing, marketing, accounting etc, are more directly related to an organization’s day-to-day quest of its main business (Summers, 1998, p. 1). Operational efficiency and effectiveness are critically important two terms in the contemporary business literatures, not only since they are of greater importance in strategic management but also they represent the most reliable aspects of growth and profits. This report chooses Dell Inc and describes examples of its strategic managerial and operational activities for critically analyzing the operational efficiency and effective systems to explain how they are aligned to deliver its performance objectives. Dell Inc: An Overview Started as a very small lucrative business in 1984 by Michael Dell, the company has now grown to become one of the largest computer manufacturer and multinational companies with strong strategic vision and operationa l emphasis on ‘going direct business model’, supply chain and build to order process, virtual integration and customer focus. As Holzner (2006, p. 5) noted, Dell was placed as 25th in the list of computer manufacturers in 1990s, but eventually, its operational efficiencies and technology advantages helped the company prospered while all other 24 companies have gone out of the list. It also achieved significant place in fortune 500 companies in 1992. With more than 63,000 employees, Dell Inc operates in more than 150 countries holding considerable market share in almost all the countries it markets its products and services. With a view to eliminate middlemen markups, it has created a strategic formula of direct marketing to help it maintain substantial cost advantages (Magretta, 1999, p.193). Michael dell has long been concentrating on operation efficiencies to be attained through strategic emphasis on ‘going direct’ model, effective supply chain process, v irtual integration and customization process etc. As shown in the depiction above, Dell in 2011 has been placed as third largest PC maker and marketer in the world just behind HP and Acer. Dell represented 12 percent market share in the worldwide PC market. Dell, though the recent market share and business performance has been accounted as quite below as compared to its previous years’ records, has been fostering on innovation, technology and efficient operation that in turn helped the company maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. When it comes to the business operation and operational objectives of Dell, it is very evident that the company has implemented superior managerial operation and most effective supply chain technique that have ever worked for Dell (Bozarth, 2005, p. 22). Various operational techniques such as going direct model, supply chain, customization, customer focus etc are analyzed below to review how these are deployed in Dell to achieve its organiza tional performance objectives. Going Direct Business Model For Dell Inc, the going direct marketing model has long been the

Investors Valuation of Stock Essay Example for Free

Investors Valuation of Stock Essay An investor should value a stock by looking at the intrinsic value of the stock and how the market value compare to the intrinsic value. The most common mathematical method of valuing stock is to determine the price earnings ratio (P/E). The P/E ratio is calculated by dividing the share price by the company’s net income. As a general rule a P/E ratio should be in the higher teens. Stocks with a below-market P/E are considered cheaper, and a higher P/E ratio are considered expensive (Kansas, 2014). To evaluate if a stock is under or over-valued investors should look at the CAPM (Market securities Line) based on the Beta of the company and determine the performance of the stock. An investor can use indexes, such as the Dow Jones, NYSE, or SP 500, in stock valuation. Value investing is common for investors. It is misrepresentation of price so the buyer buys a stock at a lower price than true worth or sells at a higher price than true worth. Considering all variables and determining true fault in price, this method provides investors easy margins. Investors’ value stocks using various strategies and methods, but all driving factors are in hopes of gaining margin and growth of the company invested in. The concept of stock valuation is simple. However, predicting the future is not as simple and can be complicated. Market Valuation of Stock Market and investors value stock differently. The market depends on expectations and recent information available to the market. The market’s value of stock are usually based on past history and trends. Based on current economic conditions we look at the past and see how it would look going forward. Through use of charts, value lines, or other indicators, the market looks at certain things such as floors, ceiling, resistance points, when valuing stock. The stock value is a collective price based on numerous variables considered, equaling a company’s worth combined with social trends and economic factors. The most common value of a stock for the market is the open and close prices. NASDAQ uses an auction approach called opening cross and closing cross to determine stock prices (â€Å"Stock Market Prices†, 2014). The opening cross uses computer software to determine opening prices for stocks based on night trading; buying and selling of stock during close of business. The closing cross software calculates closing price based on  that day’s trades. The technology takes into consideration each trade made at the exchange and sets what is referred to as the fairest closing price. The final stock prices are released after close of the exchange and work as a main factor for night trading. The amount an investor is willing to pay is often dependent on the prices set by the market. Stock Market Prices. (2014). http://money.howstuffworks.com/nasdaq-opening-closing- cross1.htm Kansas, D. (2014). Evaluating a Stock. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://guides.wsj.com/personal-finance/investing/how-to-evaluate-a-stock/.

Fedex Competitors Analysis and Customer Retention Strategies

Fedex Competitors Analysis and Customer Retention Strategies Introduction It is apparent from FedEx Corporation’s (FedEx) track record of success; it is clearly a leader in the industry. Ranked the world’s #1 express transportation company with 3 million packages delivered daily, FedEx surely knows what it is doing to keep the business growing and prosperous (Williams 2005). However, like most businesses these days, there are always trials and tribulations. Important decisions must be made everyday, it is critical that quick thinking and a clearly defined method of operations management must be followed to keep things running smoothly. Of course, the true test to whether or not a solid operations management flow is in place is how the company is able to deal with the unexpected. This brief will examine who makes up FedEx’s complete customer base and how the company attempts to satisfy and retain its customers. As well, the risks taken in day to day business will be evaluated coupled with the manner FedEx is able to manage the chances it must often take. Another item for discussion is the impact of sudden demand for the industry and specifically for FedEx. Finally, FedEx’s top competitors will be studied, weighing strengths and weaknesses of each company. An evaluation will be presented as to how FedEx would fair if one of its main competitors would try to win a valued client based on the strength and weaknesses outlined. The Customers As with most successful businesses, FedEx is aware that it has a variety of different customers, including internal and external. Both external and internal customers need to be satisfied with the performance of the company to keep things on track. Reviewing the importance of both external and internal customers is critical. The internal customer for FedEx is obviously its own employees. 250,000 strong in 2005 with a 27 percent growth rate from 2004 shows that FedEx is growing quickly (Williams, 2005) and that type of growth needs to be managed appropriately. To maintain employee satisfaction, FedEx offers a competitive salary, fair working conditions, and the ability to â€Å"climb the corporate ladder† if desired. Employees boast of their success at FedEx and their true delight at working for this company throughout the company website (Fed Ex Company Website 2005). Externally, there a few more customers to consider including corporate, consumer, shareholders and stakeholders. Corporate clients, including Dell and Hewlett Packard, expect their products to be delivered on time and in good condition. As well, consumer clients expect to receive their products on time and in good condition. Shareholders, since FedEx is a public company, expect profits to be up and costs to be down. Finally, stakeholders are those people affected by the corporate actions of FedEx. Are its operations interfering with something in the community? Are its airplanes breaking noise ordinances? The bottom line is that the customers for FedEx are many and their needs are different so FedEx must consider the management of its operations from many angles. The risks There are many risks that one of FedEx’s packages not to arrive at its intended destination on time including unexpected volumes, weather, misrouting, and bottlenecks at customs. Luckily, FedEx has put into place the appropriate controls to prevent a delay of any package. As mentioned earlier, in efforts to prevent the loss of clients, FedEx has adopted policies and practices that have proven successful. To address the issue of unexpected volumes and weather problems, FedEx has built in quite a bit of redundancy into its systems. Its contingency planning is superior with proactive monitoring of weather and air traffic. As well, managers stay in close communication each day to plan, always staying one step ahead of the game. Additionally, FedEx actually has multiple hubs across the world in the case that packages need to be redirected. The automation of the sorting process keeps packages that are misrouted to a bare minimum. Packages that need special customs attention are also proactively reported to local authorities so there is minimal opportunity for those packages to slow the process. Even with these modern forms of automation in place, FedEx still prides itself on providing a human touch and treating each package as a â€Å"golden package†(FedEx Company Website 2005). Of course, if packages are delayed or do not ship to the accurate address, the company runs the risk of losing clients. Corporate clients can decide to take their contracts elsewhere and consumers will lose their feelings of loyalty if FedEx does not deliver the service it promised. FedEx’s philosophy of â€Å"Absolutely, Positively, Whatever it takes† (FedEx Company Website 2005) as discussed on its website is a direct reflection of what FedEx is willing to do to get the job done. In the unfortunate case where something goes awry with a package, FedEx also wants it customers to know there is a place to go for help and someone available at the end of the line to help work through issues. Indeed, FedEx offers many online tools to track packages as well as a phone number with live support staff 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year (FedEx Company Website 2005). The effects of sudden demand The effects of an unexpected and sudden demand increase can be challenging for any company. In not managed correctly, a myriad of problems can result in the express service industry. This is a direct result of the company not being able to inventory products when the demand arises (Melnyk Denzler 1996 p.447). Specific issues that can arise when sudden demand occurs include late shipments, incorrect shipments, bottlenecks, scheduling difficulties, cost increases, and capacity issues. Externally, late or incorrect shipments affect the customer relationship and have a negative impact on future business. Internally, bottlenecks can cause major issues in making shipment deadlines. In addition, without appropriate notice, staffing can be off and there can be inadequate human resources available to meet the unexpected demand. Directly, if staff needs to be scheduled at the last minute, there is a good chance that overtime wages will be required and costs can skyrocket. Finally, capacity issues are created by the unexpected demand and lack of equipment to actually transport the additional packages. Overall, to regulate unexpected demand, the operations manager needs to focus on mastery of forecasting coupled with having a flexible base of resources (Melnyk Denzler 1996 p.448). Luckily, FedEx is well positioned with its contingency plans. Like David Rebholz, executive vice-president of FedEx’s US operations and systems states â€Å"Ninety percent of the package flow is predictable – but that other 10 percent can really throw you†. All FedEx, like any other company, can do is have the procedures in place to manage that 90 percent perfectly and have the contingency plans to deal with the other 10 percent when it happens. The Competition According to a recent article in the World Trade publication (The Big Three: UPS, FEDEX and DHL 2005 p.20), FedEx, UPS, and DHL are referred to as â€Å"the big three† in the express service industry. Another formidable competitor in this market space is TNT Logistics. To consider what type of threat each one of these competitors may pose to FedEx, it is important to review each of its competitor’s strengths and weaknesses as well as their market positions. Specifically, it is important to analyze each company’s history, leadership, market presence, and potential for future growth. UPS History The United Parcel Service (UPS) began in 1907 as the American Messenger Company and has continued to grow and flourish every since (UPS Company Website 2005). The company’s ability to continually reinvent themselves to fit the markets needs has kept them at the top of its game. Leadership Michael Eskew, the current Chairman and CEO for UPS, has been at the helm in his current post since 2003. Although relatively new in this leadership role, he has served with the company since 1972 as a faithful and forward thinking employee. Ninety percent of the company is owned by managers, employees, founders, and families. This ensures that those with a vested interested in the company are represented from the front lines to upper management (UPS Company Website 2005). Market Presence UPS has established itself as the largest package delivery company in the world. To grow its express delivery services, it recently purchased Overnight and is also committed to provide its customers a full line of supply chain management services. Potential for future growth As mentioned, UPS has a strong history of positioning itself for growth during times of change and shifts in the marketplace. Last year, employee growth was 8.2% and Net Sales Growth was 9.2% (Williams, 2005). DHL History Thirty Five years ago in 1969, DHL Worldwide Network took shape as the â€Å"low cost delivery service† as it entered the marketplace and attempted to carve a niche for itself as the low cost provider. Since then, the company has been working hard to gain new customers and convince them that with lower costs, quality need not be sacrificed (Hannon 2005). From the start, DHL has committed itself to providing what it customers need. As early as the 1970s, the company realized that the globalization of trade was playing a key factor in the current business climate and adapted itself to be able to provide the services required for success in the international arena. Leadership Dr. Klaus Zumwinkel, current Chairman of the Board, is leading the way to establish DHL as a premier service with the highest quality at competitive prices (DHL Company Website 2005). Market Presence Ranked as the world leader in cross border express deliveries, DHL is spreading its wings to capture even more of the delivery services market. Setting its sights on winning more of the ground delivery business, it recently acquired Airborne. In addition, DHL seems to be stepping it up a notch in focusing on its human touch for customers as Karen Johns reports, â€Å"customers say we are much more responsive, flexible and human to deal with (Hein 2005).† Potential for future growth Another company that seems positioned as ready for growth, DHLs net sales grew by 21.6 percent last year while the employee count grew by 7% (Williams 2005). TNT History Thomas Nationwide Transport (TNT) began back in 1946 as the first express delivery service. In the 80s, the company began to offer more logistical services as they understood the market demand for it. In the 90s, the company also began to offer supply chain solutions and looked to establish themselves as innovators in the total supply chain arena (TNT Company Website 2005). Leadership Dave Kulik, Group Managing Director, is at the forefront of leading the company with new ideas in the supply chain and express delivery services industry. Leadership in the company seems to embrace advancement from within and reflects a true commitment to employee growth through many initiatives, including â€Å"Investors in People† ( TNT Company Website 2005). Market Presence Although TNT offers only about 1/6 the sales numbers of its major competitors like DHL, UPS, and Fed Ex, their customer list is impressive. A key to TNTs focused success is the targeting of specific industries. Their client list includes big users such as BMW, GM, and Proctor and Gamble (TNT Company Website 2005). Potential for future growth Although TNT appears to be flexible in adding new products and services to offer its client base, it does not seem to be as aggressive in earning additional market segments as some of its competitors. However, for the last six years, the company has recorded 22% revenue growth each year (TNT Company Website 2005). In addition, back in 2004, TNT launched a $115 billion, six-year improvement program to keep its business up to speed (Keane 2004). FedEx History Frederick W Smith had the vision for FedEx while attending Yale back in 1965. His dream became a reality in 1973 when the company first became incorporated (Journal of Business Strategy 1988, pp.15-21). Leadership FedEx’s original founder is still the CEO, Chairman, and President of the company. Since the beginning, Smith has positioned FedEx as the industry standard setter and has given all others a bar to reach for in terms of overall performance. Market Presence FedEx is the #1 express transportation company in the world and continues to grow and diversify. Its recent purchase of Kinko’s has helped to expand its retail presence as well as the supply chain management services it can provide to its customers. Potential for future growth FedEx has enjoyed exponential growth each year since the beginning and has always been able to manage the growth with ease. Last year alone, FedEx supported an 18.8% boost in sales and a jump in employees of 27.7% (Williams 2005). How does FedEx measure against the Competition? After review of FedEx and its main competitors, it is interesting to consider what may happen if one of its competitors would try to win clients from its customer base. Cleary, FedEx is a strong player in its field but the competition is fierce. In a competitive bid against its foes, FedEx would need to go on the offense, highlighting all of its attributes that make it stand out above and beyond. The best sales pitch is always a positive one, focusing on your company’s strengths rather than bad mouthing the competition. In an effort to keep important client relationships, FedEx could highlight the following: It’s original visionary and founder is still at the helm and directing the company that is still considered the industry standard setter. FedEx is the #1 express transportation company with sales revenue growth of 18.8% over last year, and net income growth 72.9% over last year (Williams 2005). FedEx’s commitment to do â€Å"Absolutely, Positively Whatever it takes† to keep the customer satisfied. It’s positive track record in the industry and ability to adapt to meet the growing needs of its client base (i.e. the purchase of Kinko’s). The commitment FedEx has to not only deliver on time but to treat each package like a â€Å"golden package†. In the case that questions arise regarding a delivery, there is always live support staff ready and available to field phone calls from consumers. Of course, packages can always be tracked on line. A competitive price offered for a competitive service with high quality standards. It appears that FedEx and UPS are both making plays to meet the end customer’s needs from both ends of the spectrum. FedEx got its start with the idea to guarantee delivery of overnight packages anywhere in the US. UPS, however, ramped up as a company focusing on ground deliveries. Both now are trying to get a piece of the other’s pie, and both are attempting to do it through acquisitions (DNS Retailing Today 2005, pp35-37). Many analysts and recent articles have placed FedEx and UPS in a direct competition for each others market space. In the article â€Å"Can FedEx Deliver More Than UPS?†, it is reported that both companies are projected to do very well but there is a belief that FedEx will do better (Tsao 2005). Specifically, the more positive outlook for FedEx has much to do with their expansion into ground deliveries where margins are higher. Conversely for UPS, it is looking to expand into a market with lower margins. Conclusion After review of FedEx’s specific customer base, the risks that it takes, the problems of sudden demand, its rivals, and a possible scenario of stolen customers, it is evident that FedEx is well positioned for success in the future. Existing competition in the marketplace will continue to put pressure on FedEx to provide high levels of service at a competitive rate. Overall, Fed Ex is well positioned to serve as an industry leader. References DHL Company Website 2005, http://www.dhl.com. ‘Federal Express Spreads its Wings’ 1988, Journal of Business Strategy, vol.9, issue 4, pp.15-21. Retrieved on October 28, 2005 from Business Source Premier Database. ‘FedEx and UPS deliver much more than mail’ 2005, DSN Retailing Today, vol.44, issue 10, pp.35-37. Retrieved on October 28, 2005 from Business Source Premier Database. FedEx Company Website 2005, http://www.fedex.com. Hannon, D 2005, ‘DHL to focus on quality, not low-cost in US market’, Purchasing, vol.134, issue 12, p.113. Retrieved October 28, 2005 from Business Source Premier Database. Hein, K 2005, ‘DHL Delivers Message: We’ll Serve You Better’, Brandweek, vol. 46, issue 32, p.4. Retrieved on October 28, 2005 from Business Source Premier Database. Keane, A 2004 ‘TNT Express Growing Plans’, Traffic World, vol. 268, issue 26, p.30. Retrieved on October 28, 2005 from Business Source Premier Database. Melnyk, S Denzler, D 1996, Operations Management; A Value-Driven Approach, William Schoof. Slack, N Chamber, S Johnston, R 2004, Operations Management, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall. Terrill, C Middlebrooks, A 2000, Market Leadership Strategies for Service Companies, NTC Business Books, Lincolnwood, IL. ‘The Big Three:UPS, FEDEX and DHL’ 2005, World Trade, vol.18, issue 8, p.20. Retrieved October 28, 2005 from Business Source Premier Database. TNT Company website 2005, http://www.tntlogistics.nl. Tsao, A 2004 ‘Can FedEx Deliver More Than UPS?’, Business Week Online, 9/10/2004. Retrieved October 28, 2005 from Business Source Premier Database. UPS Company Website 2005, http://www.ups.com. Williams, R 2005, ‘Hoovers DHL Worldwide Network S.A./N.V Corporation Overview’. Retrieved October 28, 2005 from http://www.hoovers.com/dhl. Williams, R 2005, ‘Hoovers Fed Ex Corporation Overview’. Retrieved October 28, 2005 from http://www.hoovers.com/fedex. Williams, R 2005, ‘Hoovers TNT Logistics Holdings B.V. Overview’. Retrieved October 28, 2005 from http://www.hoovers.com/tnt-logistics. Williams, R 2005, ‘Hoovers United Parcel Service, Inc. Overview’. Retrieved October 28, 2005 from http://www.hoovers.com/ups.

A Life In The Day Of Me :: Papers

A Life In The Day Of Me My mother knocks. The door opens. Bright light blasts into my consciousness; I cannot see. I leap out of bed to reduce the longing to return and the cold hits me like a slap. As you can probably tell, I am not a morning person - I never have been. I have learnt to hate them over the years. We have never had heating on until Mid-November because my parents insist that they can't afford to heat the whole house. This makes mornings a nightmare! Once I'm up, I can just about manage. I dress and eat breakfast to music. Music is a significant thing for me. My parents used to be in a band together and my mother is still trying to get a record-deal. She always likes to think of herself as a young and trendy mum. She is really into the house and garage music scene, but meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I'm a different story. Everyone in my family has opposite views on music. My mother and one of my little sisters, Heidi, like pop and garage music. My father, my youngest sister, and I like rock and Heavy Metal. This causes terrible arguments over what to listen to in the car or whilst eating dinner. However, the one band that we all agree on is Nirvana. I am a massive fan of Nirvana and have flags and posters of them all over my room. This is why I listen to Nirvana in the mornings - because nobody minds. By the time I get to school, I am (almost) fully awake. I have to walk to the station and get the train to school so I arrive at school feeling like I've been up for ages. Once I get my brain in gear it doesn't slow down. I constantly think - about everything! I occasionally come out with a random comment, completely off the subject because I've been thinking about it while everyone else is speaking. People have therefore got the impression that I'm slightly mindless because I never know what people are talking about.

Ineffective N.A.A.C.P. in James Baldwins Down at the Cross Essay

The Effect of the N.A.A.C.P. There are many different opinions of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.), the premier organization for African-American rights around the world. Some believe that the organization has made great strides towards equality and fairness across the country, and that segregation could still be a prominent fixture today if not for the N.A.A.C.P. Others scrutinize the efforts of the N.A.A.C.P., and claim that it is nothing more than a figurehead organization that doesn’t actually advance the African-American people. This seems to be the sentiment shared in the essay, â€Å"Down at the Cross,† by James Baldwin. Although mentioned only briefly in the essay, Baldwin conveys a sense of discouragement towards the N.A.A.C.P., and that there work doesn’t do much good because of their lethargy in the courtroom. (Baldwin, 320) Baldwin asserts that by the time the court decision has been made, the impact of the decision is a lmost nonexistent, and fails to carry a collective punch. For these reasons, Baldwin believes that the N.A.A.C.P. will never accomplish meaningful, and that they will continue to simply go through the motions, in an almost lifeless manner. The history of the N.A.A.C.P. dates back to the early 20th century. The organization was founded in 1909 by Mary White Ovington. Ovington had read an article from the New York Post entitled â€Å"Race War in the North,† written by William English Walling. Ovington became inspired to learn more about the African-American situation, and set up a meeting with Walling in New York. On February 12th, 1909, approximately 20 or so members met and formed the National Association for the Advancement of Co... ...essay, Baldwin may have proven to have predicted the fate of the N.A.A.C.P., even if its accomplishments did surpass his own expectations. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1962. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 296-347. Kellogg, Charles Flint. NAACP: A History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967. Connerly, Ward. â€Å"The NAACP’s Decline and Fall.† The Wall Street Journal 16 July 2002: A16. â€Å"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.† Spartacus Educational. â€Å"NAACP Timeline.† National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Overnutrition and Undernutrition

Overnutrition and undernutrition ‘Beware of diet crazes’ – Sunday Telegraph 13. 02. 05 Question 1: What is meant by the term ‘fad diet’? Fad diets are eating programs that are genuinely unbalanced, unhealthy and do not provide enough nutrition for the body. The people that follow fad diets will eventually become malnourished under nutrition. Fad diets are created usually for weight losing purposes Question 2: Identify 3 fad diets and outline the features of each. -Cabbage Soup Diet: The cabbage soup diet is about consuming a low calorie cabbage soup over seven days.It is considered as fad diet because it is designed for short-term weight-loss that requires no long-term physical activities. The diet contains a soup in which the ingredients are mostly vegetarian. It is claimed to lose about 4. 5 kg in a week but base on diet experts, most of the weight loss are water. -Three Day Diet: The three day diet is now one of the most popular short-term diets. T he diet contains a guide for three days with low fat, salt and calorie meals for breakfast, lunch and dinner. It is very unhealthy as its lack of carbohydrates and protein.Therefore it is not recommended to be used anymore than three days. -Grapefruit Diet: The grapefruit diet, also known as the Hollywood Diet is a short-term fad diet that has existed in the United States since 1930s. It involves eating half a grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice with each meal and significantly reduce the calorie intake, often under 800 calories per day. Like all others fad diets, it is not recommended for regular use. Question 3: Celebrities have access to additional resources, to aid them in achieving weight loss, that are not generally available to average person. What are they?Most celebrities are very rich. They can have access to many different resources that help them achieving weight loss. A common example is personal trainer. The trainers are dietary and weight loss professional that kn ows many efficient ways and helpful tips that will help training, exercising and having a diet more effective than normal. Another source that will aid them is expensive exercising machinery. With these machines, the exercises will become more complicated and therefore, burnt more calories. Question 4: Explain why fad diets particularly the low carbohydrate diets, are damaging for children.Fad diets usually contain low or even non-carbohydrate diets which are very bad and can even cause fatal disease if it is used over a long period of time. As a child grow up, carbohydrate is the most essential and important mineral needed for the body to fully function. Consuming a fad diet for a long time not only will not give the body enough energy for activities but also can slow down the growing process and might cause the child to become abnormal compare to other child in both height and strength. Question 5: Explain why carbohydrates are so important in our diet.Carbohydrates are very impor tant. They serve as the main source of ‘fuel’ to the body. Without them, all the organs in our body may not function properly. For example, our nervous system cannot sustain unless is given an energy source to work, and that is of course carbohydrates. Also, our muscles and other important organs such as eye need carbohydrates to keep working. If there are not enough carbohydrates then it may cause to us tiredness and will affect our daily life. Question 6: What long term effects could a low carbohydrate diet have on people’s health?A low carbohydrate diet could cause some serious illness to our body over a period of time. Some of those illnesses are deadly such as heart disease or a higher risk of cancer. Lack of carbohydrate will also cause your organs to malfunction. Examples are reduced eye sight or lung diseases. Question 7: Identify 2 food allergies from which Australian commonly suffer. One of the most publicised food allergies is intolerance to peanuts, w hich affects about one in 200 Australian children. Peanut intolerance can become so severe that it triggers anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can be fatal.Lactose intolerance is a common food sensitivity that occurs in people who react to lactose found in milk and dairy products. Some food addictives, MSG flavour enhancer and strawberries can also cause allergies. Question 8: Investigate and evaluate one fad diet, examining the features and possible implications to health. You need to: a/ Identify one fad diet. b/ Outline the features of this diet i. e. which foods are included and which foods are prohibited. c/ Discuss possible implication to health. Fad diet: Three Day Diet * The Three Day Diet is one of the most common fad diets around the world.It claims to reduce your weight up to 4. 5 kg after 3 days. The diet contains a plan of meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) for over 3 days with low calorie and fat foods. * Features: * Inclusion of many different meals (mainly low energy snacks) like boiled eggs or crackers. * Most meals include a vegetable and fruit serve * Coffee is included a lot. * Non-sugar appetiser is also in the diet. * Milk must be drunk after breakfast and dinner. * Prohibited food: * Sugar is not allowed along side with oil or fat. * Carbohydrates since it have a lot of energy. * Possible implication: The consequence of this low carbohydrate diet is obvious. It may reduce your weight you will eventually end up gaining as the weight loss is mostly water. Using this diet will make you become tired due to not enough energy is provided caused be the lacking of carbohydrates. Repeating this diet will severely damage your nervous, muscular and respiratory system of your body since they need the energy from carbohydrate. Diseases will therefore become created and sometimes can be fatal. Factors That Influence Food Selection ‘School canteens forced to improve nutrition content of snacks on offer’ Sunday Telegraph 13. 2. 0 5 Question 1: List some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980’s and 1990’s. Some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980’s and 1990’s are potato chips, fizzy drinks, meat pies and lollies. Question 2: What advisory body was established to assist school canteens in implementing healthier food choices? The New South Wales School Canteen Association was established to assist school canteen in implementing healthier food choices. Question 3: Identify and explain the strategy that was implemented by the State Government in May 2004.The Healthy School Canteen Strategy, launched in May 2004 has prohibited schools in NSW selling high-fat, high-sugar foods more than twice each term. A menu guide was established, which divides foods into three colour groupings aimed at encouraging canteens to serve more wholesome foods and less of the ‘takeaway’ style meals. Question 4: Outline the menu guide that was established to aid th e school canteens in categorising various foods. The menu that was established has three categories: green, amber and red. Each colour represents a different group of food base of their nutritional values and healthiness. Green: foods in the ‘green’ category should be offered abundantly, including items like bread, pasta, fruit, lean meat, chicken, fish and dairy products. -Amber: foods in the ‘amber’ group includes pizza, low-fat muffins, pies and ice blocks that should be chosen carefully and served in smaller quantities. -Red: the foods in this group are considered unhealthy, filled with sugary and fatty products. They include deep-fried food, soft drinks, lollies and cream buns. Food from this group is allowed to be served twice a term at special events, such as that last day of school.Question 5: Outline the main reasons for developing this strategy. Provide statistical evidence. The main reason behind the development of this strategy is because of the obesity of many children over the entire Australia. More than 25 percent of children in Australia are overweight or obese, which is one of the highest rates of childhood obesity in the development world. This is due to the fast-food-eating habits that have been developed along side with the growth of many large fast food restaurants. Question 6: Design a new canteen menu for our school based on the above strategy.You need to: * Include green, amber and red foods in the correct proportions * Include a variety of fresh and semi-processed * Include drinks, meals and snack. Canteen Menu The foods will be classified into category of healthiness: green, amber and red. Example: Food name – type of food (fresh, hot food, snacks or drinks) – Colour classification. Menu: * Meat pie (available with chicken, beef and vegetable) – Hot food – Amber * Sausage roll (medium or large) – Hot food – Amber * Instant noodles – Hot food – Amber * Po tato chips – Hot food – Red Bread roll and vegetable soup – Hot food – Green * Pasta – Fresh – Green * Spaghetti – Hot food – Amber * Hot dog – Hot food – Green * Fruit (apple, orange, banana, mandarins) – Fresh – Green * Fish and rice – Hot food – Green * Potato chips snacks – Snacks – Amber * Burgers (available with chicken and beef) – Hot food – Amber * Juices (available with orange, apple and grape) – Drink – Green * Chocolate bars (Mars, Boost and Snickers) – Snacks – Amber * Lasagna – Hot food – Amber * Water – Drink – Green Breakfast only: * Hash browns – Hot food – Amber * Egg and bacon – Hot food – Amber Overnutrition and Undernutrition Overnutrition and undernutrition ‘Beware of diet crazes’ – Sunday Telegraph 13. 02. 05 Question 1: What is meant by the term ‘fad diet’? Fad diets are eating programs that are genuinely unbalanced, unhealthy and do not provide enough nutrition for the body. The people that follow fad diets will eventually become malnourished under nutrition. Fad diets are created usually for weight losing purposes Question 2: Identify 3 fad diets and outline the features of each. -Cabbage Soup Diet: The cabbage soup diet is about consuming a low calorie cabbage soup over seven days.It is considered as fad diet because it is designed for short-term weight-loss that requires no long-term physical activities. The diet contains a soup in which the ingredients are mostly vegetarian. It is claimed to lose about 4. 5 kg in a week but base on diet experts, most of the weight loss are water. -Three Day Diet: The three day diet is now one of the most popular short-term diets. T he diet contains a guide for three days with low fat, salt and calorie meals for breakfast, lunch and dinner. It is very unhealthy as its lack of carbohydrates and protein.Therefore it is not recommended to be used anymore than three days. -Grapefruit Diet: The grapefruit diet, also known as the Hollywood Diet is a short-term fad diet that has existed in the United States since 1930s. It involves eating half a grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice with each meal and significantly reduce the calorie intake, often under 800 calories per day. Like all others fad diets, it is not recommended for regular use. Question 3: Celebrities have access to additional resources, to aid them in achieving weight loss, that are not generally available to average person. What are they?Most celebrities are very rich. They can have access to many different resources that help them achieving weight loss. A common example is personal trainer. The trainers are dietary and weight loss professional that kn ows many efficient ways and helpful tips that will help training, exercising and having a diet more effective than normal. Another source that will aid them is expensive exercising machinery. With these machines, the exercises will become more complicated and therefore, burnt more calories. Question 4: Explain why fad diets particularly the low carbohydrate diets, are damaging for children.Fad diets usually contain low or even non-carbohydrate diets which are very bad and can even cause fatal disease if it is used over a long period of time. As a child grow up, carbohydrate is the most essential and important mineral needed for the body to fully function. Consuming a fad diet for a long time not only will not give the body enough energy for activities but also can slow down the growing process and might cause the child to become abnormal compare to other child in both height and strength. Question 5: Explain why carbohydrates are so important in our diet.Carbohydrates are very impor tant. They serve as the main source of ‘fuel’ to the body. Without them, all the organs in our body may not function properly. For example, our nervous system cannot sustain unless is given an energy source to work, and that is of course carbohydrates. Also, our muscles and other important organs such as eye need carbohydrates to keep working. If there are not enough carbohydrates then it may cause to us tiredness and will affect our daily life. Question 6: What long term effects could a low carbohydrate diet have on people’s health?A low carbohydrate diet could cause some serious illness to our body over a period of time. Some of those illnesses are deadly such as heart disease or a higher risk of cancer. Lack of carbohydrate will also cause your organs to malfunction. Examples are reduced eye sight or lung diseases. Question 7: Identify 2 food allergies from which Australian commonly suffer. One of the most publicised food allergies is intolerance to peanuts, w hich affects about one in 200 Australian children. Peanut intolerance can become so severe that it triggers anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can be fatal.Lactose intolerance is a common food sensitivity that occurs in people who react to lactose found in milk and dairy products. Some food addictives, MSG flavour enhancer and strawberries can also cause allergies. Question 8: Investigate and evaluate one fad diet, examining the features and possible implications to health. You need to: a/ Identify one fad diet. b/ Outline the features of this diet i. e. which foods are included and which foods are prohibited. c/ Discuss possible implication to health. Fad diet: Three Day Diet * The Three Day Diet is one of the most common fad diets around the world.It claims to reduce your weight up to 4. 5 kg after 3 days. The diet contains a plan of meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) for over 3 days with low calorie and fat foods. * Features: * Inclusion of many different meals (mainly low energy snacks) like boiled eggs or crackers. * Most meals include a vegetable and fruit serve * Coffee is included a lot. * Non-sugar appetiser is also in the diet. * Milk must be drunk after breakfast and dinner. * Prohibited food: * Sugar is not allowed along side with oil or fat. * Carbohydrates since it have a lot of energy. * Possible implication: The consequence of this low carbohydrate diet is obvious. It may reduce your weight you will eventually end up gaining as the weight loss is mostly water. Using this diet will make you become tired due to not enough energy is provided caused be the lacking of carbohydrates. Repeating this diet will severely damage your nervous, muscular and respiratory system of your body since they need the energy from carbohydrate. Diseases will therefore become created and sometimes can be fatal. Factors That Influence Food Selection ‘School canteens forced to improve nutrition content of snacks on offer’ Sunday Telegraph 13. 2. 0 5 Question 1: List some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980’s and 1990’s. Some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980’s and 1990’s are potato chips, fizzy drinks, meat pies and lollies. Question 2: What advisory body was established to assist school canteens in implementing healthier food choices? The New South Wales School Canteen Association was established to assist school canteen in implementing healthier food choices. Question 3: Identify and explain the strategy that was implemented by the State Government in May 2004.The Healthy School Canteen Strategy, launched in May 2004 has prohibited schools in NSW selling high-fat, high-sugar foods more than twice each term. A menu guide was established, which divides foods into three colour groupings aimed at encouraging canteens to serve more wholesome foods and less of the ‘takeaway’ style meals. Question 4: Outline the menu guide that was established to aid th e school canteens in categorising various foods. The menu that was established has three categories: green, amber and red. Each colour represents a different group of food base of their nutritional values and healthiness. Green: foods in the ‘green’ category should be offered abundantly, including items like bread, pasta, fruit, lean meat, chicken, fish and dairy products. -Amber: foods in the ‘amber’ group includes pizza, low-fat muffins, pies and ice blocks that should be chosen carefully and served in smaller quantities. -Red: the foods in this group are considered unhealthy, filled with sugary and fatty products. They include deep-fried food, soft drinks, lollies and cream buns. Food from this group is allowed to be served twice a term at special events, such as that last day of school.Question 5: Outline the main reasons for developing this strategy. Provide statistical evidence. The main reason behind the development of this strategy is because of the obesity of many children over the entire Australia. More than 25 percent of children in Australia are overweight or obese, which is one of the highest rates of childhood obesity in the development world. This is due to the fast-food-eating habits that have been developed along side with the growth of many large fast food restaurants. Question 6: Design a new canteen menu for our school based on the above strategy.You need to: * Include green, amber and red foods in the correct proportions * Include a variety of fresh and semi-processed * Include drinks, meals and snack. Canteen Menu The foods will be classified into category of healthiness: green, amber and red. Example: Food name – type of food (fresh, hot food, snacks or drinks) – Colour classification. Menu: * Meat pie (available with chicken, beef and vegetable) – Hot food – Amber * Sausage roll (medium or large) – Hot food – Amber * Instant noodles – Hot food – Amber * Po tato chips – Hot food – Red Bread roll and vegetable soup – Hot food – Green * Pasta – Fresh – Green * Spaghetti – Hot food – Amber * Hot dog – Hot food – Green * Fruit (apple, orange, banana, mandarins) – Fresh – Green * Fish and rice – Hot food – Green * Potato chips snacks – Snacks – Amber * Burgers (available with chicken and beef) – Hot food – Amber * Juices (available with orange, apple and grape) – Drink – Green * Chocolate bars (Mars, Boost and Snickers) – Snacks – Amber * Lasagna – Hot food – Amber * Water – Drink – Green Breakfast only: * Hash browns – Hot food – Amber * Egg and bacon – Hot food – Amber