The Effects Of Substance Abuse On The Community - 844 Words

Most college students have the freedom to do whatever they would like, with little parental supervision. This often leads a student to their downfall. Students are often found turning to drugs and alcohol to help relieve themselves from the pressure of school. Students and even some adults tend to try and find a short term fix to a long term problem. leading many students to substance use. Many of them use drugs and alcohol to help distance themselves from the stress they are faced with. A community with a large number of substance abusers is almost guaranteed to come with more violence, theft, and even gang activity compared to a community where substance abuse is low. Having students stay away from drugs will greatly lower the violence and theft in the community. I believe helping the students is important and crucial in improving the community overall. Students that live a drug and alcohol free life are more likely to stay in school and spend more time on academics. I plan to host a night that will allow the students to see the toll that drugs and alcohol take on a person mentally and physically. Many students have been taught about the side effects, however for many that isn t enough to stop them. This night not only will show the students what drugs do to the body, it will also give students the motivation that is needed to help them stop using, or prevent them from ever starting. This night will be an eye opening experience for those who decide to attend. MySho w MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drugs On The Human Body1158 Words   |  5 Pagesstreets ever since it became a nation. The abuse of substances has become more and more common on this society, that now thinking about legalizing one of its illicit drugs is a main political topic. Even though the United States has become a war on drugs country, many people in its society are still being affected. Out of all the substances that are being abuse in this country, there are three that outstand the rest. The three substances that are being abuse the most in our society are alcohol, marijuanaRead MoreDetrimental Social Problems: Substance Abuse Essays1197 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most detrimental social problems found in all societies. It has been the leading cause for generational breakdowns of families and communities, and is probably the most controversial social problem when developing corrective solutions. Substance abuse can be defined as the chemical dependence , or pattern of usage of both legal and illegal substances, that has adverse physical, psychological, and psychomotor effects on the human body. The use of substances does not alwaysRead MoreSubstance Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans895 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse affects an estimated 25 million Americans. This includes the individual abusing the substance, as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: friends and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substance abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults that are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 people under the age 18 (Mental Health America, 2015). Alcoholism relapses are common. AfterRead MoreJuvenile Delinquents and Drug Abuse Essay examples1501 Words   |  7 Pagessuffer, or do others get involved? The answer is, not only do the users suffer, but so do their family, friends, and the community. However, due to the rise of juveniles becoming involved in substance abuse, the juvenile justice system has resulted in an increased burden. Over the past fifteen years, the fad of drug use among kids has steadily been increasing. Persistent substance abuse among youth is often accompanied by an array of problems, including academic difficulties, health-related consequencesRead MoreReflection : Substance And Family1410 Words   |  6 PagesReflection: Substance and Family Tracy Collins Wilmington University In physical science, the term substance simply refers to a pure form of matter that contains molecules, where a combination of different molecules forms a mixture. In the context of this paper, the term substance relates to drugs and alcohol, which, when misused, bring about undesirable consequences. Drugs can be of varied categories. Addictive drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and heroine are usually harmful to one’sRead MoreSubstance Abusers: A Vulnerable Population Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to be describing the characteristics of substance abusers. Next, give the common health issue and needs. Then, give specific resources that Peoria have to offer. Finally, how substance abuse relates to Healthy People 2020. Overall, this will give one an overview of the vulnerable population such as substance abusers. Characteristics of the population Substance abuse is when a person want their mind to be altered with the use of drugs. Substance abuse affect all ages, race, religion, and incomeRead MoreEssay on Health Education Intervention854 Words   |  4 PagesIntervention Multiple approach to community health (MATCH) model, which was introduced by Simons-Morton, Greene and Gottlieb in the late 1980s, is considered to be very comprehensive and extensive for practical analysis. The model is not very popular among many scholars thus making it not much available in many texts. However, the paper is concerned about the reasons that make it the most preferred method of public health education intervention in the case of substance abuse (Simons-Morton, Greene GottliebRead MoreRisk Factors For Adolescent Drug Abuse1462 Words   |  6 Pages Body: Risk Factors for Adolescent Drug Abuse There are an abundance of risk factors that can relate to the contribution of drug abuse in adolescents. The primary risk factors can be divided into two main categories: social and emotional triggers. Social factors play an important role because during the adolescent years it can be an extremely emotional and physically tough time for teens to transition through. Adolescent phases are one of the biggest transitional stages in a person’s life becauseRead MoreEssay on Adolescent Substance Abuse1656 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Header: Substance Abuse Adolescent Substance Abuse Dana Sweitzer Liberty University Abstract Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem in society. There are many risk factors that can contribute to adolescent substance abuse. One of the main risk factors is peer pressure. When adolescents start at a young age there is an increase in health problems, addiction, and over all poor social outcomes. Parental influence has substantial effect on adolescents because the adolescent seesRead MoreSubstance Abuse. What Is Substance Abuse . Substance Abuse1300 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance abuse What is substance abuse Substance abuse is the use of drugs, alcohol, or chemicals. The substance abuse results in physical, psychological, emotional harm to the user or others. People abuse substances such as drugs and alcohol for varied and complicated reasons, but it is clear that it comes at a significant cost. 0Substance abuse can be recognized through it s signs and behavior changes, as well as short and long term effects. There are various ways however to treat substance

What to Expect From Penn Essay Samples?

What to Expect From Penn Essay Samples? The Number One Question You Must Ask for Penn Essay Samples Once it goes without saying that you will need to deal with the prompt directly in your essay, remember to also adhere to the directions in the fine print. If you're quoting something, ensure you use quotation marks. There's an indented long quote inside this paragraph. There is it in this paragraph The last sentence gives the answer to the essay question. When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to locate some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. Or you're able to view 18 essays all on a single page. The essay includes specific particulars. The essays will provide you with a thought of what things to expect on the English placement test. Getting the Best Penn Essay Samples It's possible for you to follow my blog to observe when I post on this again, or only get in touch with me for aid with college essays. And now, you're stuck Googling, the way to compose an MBA admissions essay. You must make the essay school-specific. The essay indicates a substantial level of organization. Demonstrating your understanding of the opportunities which make Penn unique is essential to completing UPenn's supplemental essay. These ratings, together with reader comments, are used to determine your admissions decision. The applications of students who don't select or were not able to take part in the optional alumni interview aren't negatively impacted. That said, you shouldn't spend over a sentence writing about a joint-major or distinctive program like the Huntsman Program. This also suggests that Penn expects more with respect to time and school-specific understanding. Penn's major goal of establishing Pennsylvania was going to increase liberty by ensuring a totally free society for several of the people. Be certain to clearly recognize the sport or activity, and utilize particular details how this involvement made an effect on your life. My editing and essay development is the very best in the organization. This phase of research is simply meant to help you begin. Nonetheless, this isn't a hard and speedy ruleit's just another strategy which can help you restrict your choices and are able to make your application as a whole seem more coherent. I am going to be able to keep my energy during the day. That's the secret to a winning supplement. There are several ways to figure out about a program, and to obtain a location in that program for yourself. If they give you a seat, they would like to have some certainty which you will accept the offer. Penn Foster is one particular route which aids motivated independent learners acquire the wisdom and certification they require. Recognize your intellect comes into play in a variety of activities, not merely while you're in class or doing homework. This is principally since they are rather effective in developing knowledge and writing skills for subject places. The next step is going to be to find out the difference between Musts vs Shoulds. So there should be a feeling of your past, in additio n to of your vision for your future, together with a fantastic comprehension of Penn, all rolled into one essay. The very first step is to work out what really matters in life. By doing these 3 steps, I can balance all of it. Demonstrated interest is a must in the present competitive admissions scene to stick out from the remainder of the pack. If you're undecided about your upcoming talk about a number of the manners in which UPenn can help you foster your targets and learn about yourself. I hadn't ever taken the opportunity to return and see what made the difference. Spending introspective time considering my life is the initial step to achieving a balanced life.

English Literature Pride - Prejudice and Emma

Question: Discuss about the English Literature for Pride, Prejudice and Emma. Answer: Problem or issue: Jane Austen the famous English novelist of eighteenth century is primary popular for her four major social commentary novels such as Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Sense and sensibility and Mansfield park. Emma published in 1815 had occupied a predominant place in the realm of late eighteenth century. In this particular novel, the novelist has represented Emma as the main protagonist. The entire study is endowed with the beautiful, rich and sensible woman having the thirst of living an independent life. However, this particular study is not concerned about the character development of Emma; rather the character of Jane Fairfax has been primarily highlighted here (Boarcas, 2014). Jane has been selected as the protagonist in Austens novel due to several reasons. Before the entrance of Jane, the light is surrounded with Emma. Whenever Jane entered into the scene, the concentrated of the spectators shift to her from Emma. The problem or conflict arises when Emma has been seen to feel jealous due to the reserved and moderate nature of Jane. In addition, Jane had been presented as a beautiful and intelligent woman. Her intelligence is able to draw the attention of many gentlemen such as Frank. After the entrance of Jane Fairfax into the scene, the readers as well felt rejoice and charm to go through the essence of the story more interestingly. Jane and Emma belong to the same. Both of the two women are beautiful as well as sensible. That is the most effective reason for Emma for showing such kind of jealous attitude towards Jane. The reserved attitude that Jane wishes to carry with her personality has been highly criticized by Emma. Austen has portrayed the character contrast of Emma and Jane in such a way that readers can easily differentiate the essence of the two characters (Brown, 2014). As per the depiction of Austen, Emma intends to dominate the people. In the name of searching of a gentle person, Emma tends to force Harriet to choose a right decision. She is least bother about the aims and wish of Harriet. She always keeps a ungrateful attitude towards Jane Fairfax. Frank is having a soft corner towards Jane. Emma instead of having no such feeling towards Frank tend s to flirt him making abusing statements regarding Jane. As a result, the relation between Jane and Emma has become contradictory. As per the point of view of Ganjoo (2013), the character of Emma has been established in order to highlight the positivity of Jane Fairfax. New situation: New situation arose when Emma tried to lead a solitary life surrounding her. From the very beginning, Emma was looking like a funky girl being habituated with healthy flirting. At the middle, Jane played a major role to bring a drastic change in the life of Emma. People were unable to take the lighthearted attitude of Emma. They considered her as women of dishonest nature. Knightley had a major crush towards Jane. On the other hand, Emma as well liked Knightley. As Knightley already faced her casual attitude towards him, he never intended to pay his attention for Emma (Mullins, 2013). On the other hand, Jane had less feeling for Knightley. By showing a complicated and twisty relationship among Jane, Emma and Knightley, Austen intended to represent the social status of late eighteenth century and their fickle characteristics. Jane has been represented as the embodiment of solace. She is quite reserved and balanced to take any kind of sudden decision. On one hand, Emma represents fancy and dominant power of joy and energy having an irresistible strength to control the entire world. On the other hand, Jane embodies solace and peace (Olsson, 2012). She never intended to express herself in front of the crowd. That is the reason; her latent desire for Frank was kept unknowing to many persons. The lack of immaturity of Emma repeatedly helped Jane to win the match. However, towards the end of the novel, Austen decided to resolve the conflict between Emma and Jane. They became a good friend. Moreover, the loyalty and co-operation that the two ladies showed towards each other was commendable. This has also been considered as one of the major contributions of Jane Fairfax for changing the dominating attitude of Emma. Developed argument: It has become a matter of argument that why this particular novel has been entitled as Emma. Jane Fairfax has also played an important role to draw the readers attention. Therefore, some of the renowned contemporaries have pointed out that Jane Fairfax can also be considered as the real protagonist of Austens novel. After being a close contact with Jane Fairfax, Emma has learnt the meaning of life. Throughout the entire story, she liked to show a very casual outlook towards her friends and fellows (Setyawati, 2013). Her dominating attitude may embarrass some of her nearest and dearests. However, by observing the moderate attitude of Jane, Emma learnt to behold the entire world in a different way. She learnt how to maintain the personality of a woman without being impatient and ungrateful to other. If she fails to pay respect and dignity to others, nobody will pay her the same. This is the realistic part of life. Jane Fairfax is such an energetic character who has provided lessons throughout the entire novel. People should learn how to deal with a stranger, how to behave with a senior, how to make friendship and how to express feelings and emotions. The narrative method of Austen allows the readers to consider Emma as the real protagonist. However, it has been argued that the quality of a protagonist is more endowed with the characteristics Jane Fairfax (Spratt, 2014). At the end of the novel, Emma has changed all her outlooks. She avoids dominating her friends like Harriet to marry the person of her choice; rather she supports to take an individual decision. Therefore, it has been observed that Jane Austen is the main protagonist with the help of whom Emma learns to taste the life in a different way. Jane Austens perspective of life is well matched with the journey of Jane Fairfax (Trepanier, 2014). Therefore, she can also be accepted as the real protagonist. Conclusion: Austen has drawn Emma as a child rather than a woman. Her short tempered attitude the friends, her dominating outlook to the near ones, her casual gesture to the men is simply commendable for catching the attention of the readers. At the same time, it is also undeniable that readers have received a negative message in order to make a character development of Emma. On the other hand, Jane Fairfax has appeared into the scene rendering a positive energy and attitude. People have provided a positive response to go through such kinds of character like Jane. She is the symbol of peace and solace. From this particular depiction of character, people can learn how the human nature should be. At the same time, Jane is also not devoid of some of the negative effects as well. Readers do not like the introvert nature of Jane. She takes more time to make an effective communication with people. As a result, Austen has made a shadow on the character of Jane. Emma on the other hand, being extremely expressed and lighthearted is able to draw the attention of people quickly. However, the contribution of Jane Fairfax Austens Emma is truly recognizable. The contemporaries of Austen have highly appreciated of her extraordinary creation. Therefore, this particular novel has created a recognizable place in the field of history of history of English literature. Reference List: Boarcas, C. (2014). Feminine consciousness in Jane Austen's novels.J. Res. Gender Stud.,4, 1021. Brown, M. (2014). Emma's Depression.Studies in Romanticism,53(1), 3. Ganjoo, P. (2013). Conversation among Women in Jane Austens Fiction with Special Reference to Emma. Mullins, C. J. (2013).Negation in Emma: Austen's Inversion of the Role of the Antagonist(Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University). Olsson, A. M. (2012). Views on Children, Childhood and Education in Jane Austens Emma. Setyawati, D. (2013). The Analysis of Deixis of the Novel Emma by Jane Austen.Skripsi. Spratt, D. (2014). Taking Emma to the Street: Toward a Civic Engagement Model of Austen Pedagogy.Persuasions On-Line. Trepanier, L. (2014). Marriage and the Marketplace in Jane Austens Emma and Mansfield Park.The Free Market and the Human Condition: Essays on Economics and Culture, 61.

The Industrial Revolution an Example by

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution, which transformed economic life in the West, began in England in the eighteenth century. After the Napoleonic period it spread to Western Europe, and by the end of the nineteenth century it had touched most of Western civilization. The Industrial Revolution was characterized by unprecedented economic growth, the factory system of production, and the use of new, artificially powered machines for transportation and mechanical operations. The potential was tremendous; for the first time, human beings had the ability to produce far more than was needed to sustain a large percentage of the population. Whether that potential would be realized, and at what cost, remained to be seen. Need essay sample on "The Industrial Revolution" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed College Students Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists:I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I don't have the timeProfessional writers recommend: Essaylab.Com Can Provide You With The Winning Academic EssayOnline Essay Writing Company A Website To Write Essays Writing Services Buy An Essay For College The Industrial Revolution began in England in the early 18th century for several reasons. One, England had experienced all of the forerunners of industrialization in the previous century: an agricultural revolution, cottage industry, and an expanded commercial revolution.These developments had built surplus capital and an infrastructure (shipping, banking, insurance, joint stock companies). Two, England already had a handcraft textile industry using wool, but with the availability of cotton from overseas markets as an alternative raw material. Three, the scientific revolution in England prepared the way for new inventions to be applied to industry. Four, a spreading shortage of wood (used for energy, for shipbuilding and construction) stimulated a search for alternatives. Five, England was rich in supplies of coal for energy and iron for construction. Six, England had a long, irregular coastline with many rivers and natural harbors which provided easy transportation by water to many areas, and seven, England's population grew rapidly in the 18th century, providing a labor force for industry. England's agricultural revolution was a result of increased attention to fertilizers, the adoption of new crops and farming technologies, and the enclosure movement. English farmers were one of the most productive farmers of the century. They were treating farming as a science, and all this interest eventually resulted in greater yields. These developments taken together was a period of high productivity and low food prices. In 1750, the European economy was overwhelmingly an agricultural economy. The land was owned largely by wealthy and frequently aristocratic landowners known as the capitalists. Their activities focused more on mercantile activity rather than production; there was, however, a growing manufacturing industry increasing around the logic of mercantilism. Parliament passed a series of laws that permitted lands that had been held in common by tenant farmers to be enclosed into large, private farms worked by a much smaller labor force. While this drove peasants off the l and, it also increased agricultural production and increased the urban population of England, since the only place moved out peasants had to go were the cities. And this, in turn, meant that the typical English family did not have to spend almost everything it earned on bread, and instead could purchase manufactured goods. Mercantilism had thrived in England in ways that it hadn't on the continent. In particular, the English had no internal tariffs or duties on commerce, which wasn't true of any of the continental European states. Moving goods around in continental Europe was an expensive affair as you had to pay taxes and duties every hundred miles or so; moving goods around in England was cheap, and profits soared. In addition, England had come to monopolize overseas trade. Every time England fought a war in the eighteenth century it always acquired new overseas territory. The technological innovations followed these social and economic changes. The first major technological innovation was the cotton gin. There was a constant shortage of thread so the industry began to focus on ways to improve the spinning of cotton. The first solution to this bottleneck appeared around 1765 when James Hargreaves, a carpenter, invented his cotton-spinning jenny, one of the typological major technological innovations of the Industrial Age. Patented in 1767, the spinning jenny was a series of simple machines rather than a single machine, and it spun sixteen threads of cotton simultaneously. These two qualities: multiple machines in a single machine as well as a machine that was designed not just to speed up work, but to do the work of several laborers simultaneously, was the hallmark of all subsequent technological innovations. Richard Arkwright (1732-1792) invented another kind of spinning device, the water frame. It was based on a different principle. It acquired a cap acity of several hundred spindles and demanded more power -- water power. The water frame required large, specialized mills employing hundreds of workers. The first consequence of these developments was that cotton goods became much cheaper and were bought by all social classes. The shortage of trees for lumber had led to the use of coal for heating, but coal mines constantly flooded. This was largely due to a quirk in English geography. England sits on huge quantities of coal, a carbon based mineral derived from ancient life forms. Aside from being cheap, coal burns better and more efficiently than wood. The English figured out that they could substitute coal for wood in the melting of metals, including iron, and blissfully went about tearing coal from the ground. Although the spinning jenny and water frame had increased the productive capacity of the cotton industry, the real breakthrough came with developments in steam power. Developed in England by Thomas Savery(1698) and Thomas Newcomen (1705), these early steam engines were used to pump water from coal mines. In the 1760s, a Scottish engineer, James Watt(1736-1819) invented an engine that could pump water three times as quickly as the Newcomen engine. Steam power also promoted important changes in other industries. The use of steam-driven bellows in blast furnaces helped ironmakers switch over from charcoal to coke, which is made from coal, in the smelting of pig iron. In the 1780s, Henry Cort(1740-1800) developed the puddling furnace, which allowed pig iron to be refined in turn with coke. Together with the rise of inventions made in England in terms of textile engine, railroads and electric industry, advances in transportation have been also a part of their development. One of the first achievements of technology was the launching of the first steamboat to navigate St. Lawrence River and which had been completely built and fitted in Montreal. The use of the steam to propel a ship had shortenened the distances and proved that commercial navigation was both possible and economically feasible, a fact which sailing ships had not established(Marson, J., 1990). Iron rails were also developed for coal carts to be hauled to nearby water transport. The combination of iron rails and the steam engine to transport people and goods was the railroad. This was the greatest achievement in transportation since ancient times. With the help of revolutions in agriculture, transportation, communications and technology, England was able to become the "first industrial nation." This is a fact that historians have long recognized. However, there were a few other less-tangible reasons which we must consider. These are perhaps cultural reasons. Although the industrial revolution was clearly an unplanned and impulsive event, it never would have been "made" had there not been men who wanted such a thing to occur. There must have been men who saw opportunities not only for advances in technology, but also the profits those advances might create. Which brings us to one very crucial cultural attribute -- the English, like the Dutch of the same period, were a very commercial people. They saw little problem with making money, nor with taking their surplus and reinvesting it. The English entrepreneurs had a much wider scope of activities than did their Continental counterparts at the same time. REFERENCES: Hooker, R.(1996) the European Enlightenment. The Industrial Revolution. Retrieved January 22, 2008, from Wood, E. M. (2002). The origin of capitalism a longer view. London: Verso. Lecture 17: The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England. Western Civilization:Interpreting the Past. Industrialization and Social Change. Marsan, J.-C. (1990). Montreal in evolution historical analysis of the development of Montreal's architecture and urban environment. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. Industrialization. Mathias, P. (1969 ). The first industrial nation an economic history of Britain. London: Methuen.

Whose Interests Should Be the Paramount Concern Essays

Whose Interests Should Be the Paramount Concern Essays Whose Interests Should Be the Paramount Concern Paper Whose Interests Should Be the Paramount Concern Paper Generally speaking, the free trade policy is better to the consumers, but this will bring big challenge to the native reducers. However, if the government implements protective trade policy to prohibit the foreign goods from coming Into the native country, this will short down the supply of foreign goods and the consumers choices. This kind of policy makes the consumers have to spend more money on the import goods. Every coin has two sides, so is the foreign trade policy. The enterprises and the consumers benefits are controversial, so the government should balance them, when the government sets up the foreign trade policy. 1 . The Introduction of the problem The foreign trade policy ant protect the producers and the consumers benefits at the same time, so when we set up the foreign trade policy, we should obey this principle: Maximize ones benefit at the condition that the other ones lest loss, in order to get overall benefit. To an enterprise with low level of productive, It may hope to stand stable In the native market: however, to an enterprise with high level of productive, it may hope to get a large space in the international market. Therefore, the producers produce capability determines the producers benefit wanting. The consumers income determines their benefit wanting. Too poor man, it must make sure that he can live a normal life firstly, at this moment, his benefit wanting Is that he can buy his necessities at the lowest price; to a rich man, his economy level determines he can have more wanting. He may care about the price of articles of luxury, rather than that of food. So the rich ones benefit wanting is quite different from the poor ones. The producers capability of productive and the consumers Income are relative to the a countrys development of economy, so we can get a producers and consumers FIFO Dental wanting determinants canal. Producers Capability Economic Development Level of Productive Producers Benefit Demand Consumers Benefit Consumers Income Demand Figure 1 . Producers and Consumers Benefit Demand Chain When the government sets up the foreign trade policy, it firstly should make out the countrys level of economy and the producers level of economy and the consumers consumption wanting in order to find out their own benefit wanting. The government then should compare the different interest groups benefit wanting and sets up the 62 September, 2008 appropriate foreign trade policy under the principle: Maximize one groups benefit on the condition that the other one has the fewest losses, in order to get the overall benefit. The analysis of how to set up the foreign trade policy 2. 1 Dividing the economic developmental stage Walt Whitman Roster was used to point out that the development of economy should be divided into six stages: Traditional society stage, Preconditions for take-off stage, Take-off stage, Drive to maturity stage, Age of High mass consumption and pursue quality stage. However, Cheney, another American economist, advised to divide the economy into three phases: Initial stage of economy, Industrialization stage and Developed economy stage. The Chinese economist, Lie You divided the development of economy into five phases: Generation stage, the stage of development, growth stage, strong stage and mature stage. As Lie Hypertension was based on the Rows and Cheneys viewpoint, so this article will take the Lie Hues theory to divide the development of economy. 2. 2 Policy Suggestions at each stage 2. 2. 1 T he first stageGeneration Stage The agricultural sector is the main sector in the society. The producers are all small farmers in the unit of family. So at this stage, the producers are also consumers, and they need lots of food. However, due to the low productivity, there will be more need than supply. On the other hand, due to the constriction of nature condition, the native agricultural goods are very rare. So the government should take up the free trade policy in order to import some other agricultural goods. 2. 2. 2 The second stageThe Stage of Development In this period, although the agricultural sector is still the main productive sector, the proportion of the agricultural sector in the GAP begins to crease; some of the rural labor force are transferring to the city. During this period, the industrial sector will take the place of the agricultural sector, becoming the first sector. As the industry in the native country is in the early stage, its really very Doolittle Tort teen to compete Witt ten Torrent companies, so ten government NAS to take up protective trade policy to the industrial sector. In this period, as peoples salary is still at a low level, consumers still spend lots of money on the daily necessities, only a few consumers are in need of some kinds of industrial products. Therefore, the protective trade policy will not hurt the consumers benefit. The level of mechanization in agricultural production is still very low, and the productivity and efficiency are also very low. The agricultural producer needs to be protected to resist the competition from the foreigners. Compared with industrial sector, the government should give some protection to the agricultural sector in the form of subsidiary etc. 2. 2. 3 The third stageGrowth Stage In this period, the economy in the country has have made rapid progress and the ratio of revenue to GAP declines hardly, even less than that of service industry. However, with the development of industry, the level of mechanization in agricultural production has been improved obviously. The agricultural production can not only make the native peoples needs, but also have surplus. So the government can implement free trade policy to the agriculture and help it export aboard. The enterprise in industry sector also gets an obvious progress and the ratio of industry sector to GAP has been further improved. Some enterprises become mature in the market, they are not in a totally passive situation when they compete with the foreign ones. However, they are eager to get lots of advanced technology for both production and management from the foreign countries. On the other hand, peoples living standard and their quality of life are improved; consumers begin to have diversified demand on industrial products. However, in this period, the native enterprises may cant make consumers high needs. So compared with the second stage, the trade policy can relieve some constraints on industrial products; and welcome the foreign enterprises to invest. Service industry and tertiary industry have made great progress, but compared with he ones in developed countries, they still I lack competitiveness. However, at this time, the need of industrial products is still much more than that of service, so the government can implement protective trade policy on tertiary industry. This policy will not bring lots of losses to the consumers and will protect the native enterprises. 2. 2. 4 The fourth StageStrong Stage Actually, lots of medium-level developed countries are at this stage nowadays. Each industry in native country become mature, but still doesnt have absolute advantage in the world. The industrial enterprises are Seibel to 63 Volvo. 3, NO. 9 withstand the competition of the foreign enterprises and their biggest difficulty is how to get a larger market space in the international market. Tertiary industry also makes a progress, most of the businesses are getting mature and some of them have the ability to compete with the foreign competitors. During this period, the consumers have a higher level of income; they have more need in the service industry. So the government can take up free trade policy in the industrial sector, Ana try to Nell ten native companies to go aurora. I en government can Turner increases liberalizing of services, in order to meet the consumers multifarious needs in the service industry. 2. 2. 5 The fifth stage Mature Stage During this period, the service industry has become the economic backbone of the country. Enterprises begin to take the world as their objective market. The consumers dont care about the prices of goods, as they have a high level of income. Therefore, the government should advocate the free trade policy. We have analyzed the consumers and producers main feature in the former content and given lots of suggestion on the trade policy in each stage. However, we still believe that there isnt a common trade policy theory to all the countries. The foreign trade policy should be changed according to the real situation of the country. Generally speaking, at the beginning of the development of economy and at the developed stage, the government can take up free trade policy. However, during the process of the economy, the government should try to use protective trade policy on each industry. 3. Suggestion on foreign trade policy in China Nowadays, each industry is developing very fast. Specially speaking, compared with the developed countries, the production level in agricultural sector still lags behind, so china can not implement free trade policy on agriculture, on the contrary, we should make great efforts to it to improve the international competitiveness of agricultural products.

A Ginkgo Trees Profile and Planting Tips

A Ginkgo Trees Profile and Planting Tips Ginkgo is nearly pest-free and is resistant to storm damage. Young trees are often very open but they fill in to form a denser canopy as they mature. It makes a durable street tree where there is enough overhead space to accommodate the large size. Ginkgo tolerates most soil, including compacted, and alkaline, and grows slowly 75 feet or more tall. The tree is easily transplanted and has a vivid yellow fall color which is second to none in brilliance, even in the south. However, leaves fall quickly and the fall color show is short.  See Ginkgo Photo Guide. Quick Facts Scientific name: Ginkgo bilobaPronunciation: GINK-go bye-LOE-buhCommon name(s): Maidenhair Tree, GinkgoFamily: GinkgoaceaeUSDA hardiness zones:: 3 through 8AOrigin: native to AsiaUses: Bonsai; wide tree lawns; recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; specimen; sidewalk cutout (tree pit); residential street tree; tree has been successfully grown in urban areas where air pollution, poor drainage, compacted soil, and/or drought are commonAvailability: generally available in many areas within its hardiness range. Form Height: 50 to 75 feet.Spread: 50 to 60 feet.Crown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouette.Crown shape: round; pyramidal.Crown density: denseGrowth rate: slow Ginkgo Trunk and Branches Description Trunk/bark/branches: droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; showy trunk; should be grown with a single leader; no thorns.Pruning requirement: needs little pruning to develop except during the early years. The tree has a strong structure.Breakage: resistantCurrent year twig color: brown or gray Foliage Description Leaf arrangement: alternateLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: top lobed Pests This tree is pest-free and considered resistant to gypsy moth. The Ginkgos Stinky Fruit Female plants are wider-spreading than the males. Only male plants should be used as the female produces foul smelling fruit in late autumn. The only way to select a male plant is to purchase a named  cultivar  including ‘Autumn Gold’, ‘ Fastigiata’, ‘Princeton Sentry’, and ‘Lakeview’ because there is no reliable way to select a male plant from a seedling until it fruits. It could take as long as 20 years or more for Ginkgo to fruit. Cultivars There are several cultivars: ‘Autumn Gold’- male, fruitless, bright gold fall color and rapid growth rate‘Fairmont’ - male, fruitless, upright, oval to pyramidal form‘Fastigiata’ - male, fruitless, upright growth‘Laciniata’ - leaf margins deeply divided‘Lakeview’ - male, fruitless, compact broad conical form‘Mayfield’ - male, upright fastigiate (columnar) growth‘Pendula’ - pendent branches‘Princeton Sentry’ - male, fruitless, fastigiate, narrow conical crown for restricted overhead spaces, popular, 65 feet tall, available in some nurseries‘Santa Cruz’ - umbrella-shaped, ‘Variegata’ - variegated leaves. Ginkgo in Depth The tree is easy to care for and require only occasional water and a little high-nitrogen fertilizer that will stimulate the growth of its unique leaf. Apply the fertilizer in late fall to early spring. The tree should be pruned in late winter to early spring. Ginkgo may grow extremely slow for several years after planting, but will then pick up and grow at a moderate rate, particularly if it receives an adequate supply of water and some fertilizer. But do not overwater or plant in a poorly-drained area. Be sure to keep turf several feet away from the trunk to help trees become established. Very tolerant of urban soils and pollution, Ginkgo could be used more in USDA hardiness zone 7 but is not recommended in central and southern Texas or Oklahoma due to summer heat. Adapted for use as a street tree, even in confined soil spaces. Some early pruning to form one central leader is essential. There is some support for the trees medical use. Its seed has been recently been used as both a memory and concentration enhancer with some positive effects on Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, Ginkgo biloba has also been suggested as relieving many disease symptoms but  has never been approved by the   FDA as anything but an herbal product.

Marketing strategy of adidas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing strategy of adidas - Essay Example Adidas is guided by the three principles which were laid down by the founder, Adi Dassler – to aim for the production of the best possible foot wear to serve the requirement of sports, to aim for the protection of the athlete from any possible injury and produce a durable product (Step back in time, n.d.). They company operates out of Europe, Asia, Latin America and North America through a network comprising of more than 170 subsidiaries. The organisation is headquartered at Herzogenaurach, Germany, employing over 31,344 people worldwide (Adidas AG - Financial and Strategic Analysis Review, 2009). The journey for the company began in 1920, when Adi Dassler, with the aid of two shoemakers, produced homemade leather training shoes. A major milestone was achieved, resulting in superb promotion for the company, in 1932, when Arthur Jonath, a German athlete, won a bronze medal in the 1932 Olympics using shoes produced by the company. The company was on its upward spiral and soon the revenues of the company crossed 400,000 Reich mark in 1935. Sportsperson from 120nations used Adidas products in the Seoul Olympics in 1988. The company has seen many highs and undergone major structural changes in the way it has approached the market place. It has been quick to realize that marketing and customer orientation have become vital on the part of a modern company. The company has changed its entire outlook – which resulted in the creation of the three divisions - adidas Sport Performance, adidas Sport Heritage and adidas Sport Style from the existing Footwear and Clothing/Accessories . The company also decided to give its customers to option of customising the products they wanted to buy according to their own specifications – a business model which is now replicated all over the market space. The company went ahead with its aggressive marketing campaign and adopted a new tagline in 2003 -

THE DILEMMA OF ADJUNCTS PROFESSORS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE DILEMMA OF ADJUNCTS PROFESSORS - Essay Example Hiram Henriquez, one of the several adjunct professors of the University of Miami, has mentioned in an interview that â€Å"The most important thing is the pay. Adjunct professors are providing a service that’s a high-end service, and they are getting paid like they are starting teachers, like me. This statement is supported by the data released by the American Association of University Professors, which says that adjunct professors only earn an average of $20,000 to $25,000 yearly compared to the $84,303 that is being paid to full-time professors. This range is considered to belong to the poverty wages and because of this most of the adjunct professors have the lifestyle of that belonging to the people below the poverty line in the United States. Many adjunct professors are suffering from the huge gap between them and full-time professors. Henriquez, despite finishing Master of Fine Arts, has said that his salary in the university is 50 percent less than what he could have earned if he was a full time professor minus the health benefits as well. Victoria Baldassano, and adjunct professor of the Montgomery College quipped, â€Å"I don’t make much more than I would work at Starbucks.† (Steiger, par. 2). Most of the adjunct teachers opt to find a second job in order to have to live through and to support their families. The management of the colleges and universities who hire adjunct professors clearly acknowledges the fact that these professors are getting less than what they are working for as their salaries as a professor, although the job seems like a high-end one, is not enough to pay for their basic expenses (Aronowitz, par. 7). â€Å"Two classes here, two at FIU... It’s very rough because none of them are given benefits even though they are teaching 6, 7, 8 classes each semester,† said Paul Driscoll, the vice dean of UM School of Communication. Sam Terilli, the department chair of UM, has assessed the effects of

A Separate Peace Essay Example for Free

A Separate Peace Essay A Separate Peace tells the story of a sixteen-year-old boy at boarding school in New Hampshire during World War II, and the mixed feelings of admiration and jealousy he harbors for his best friend and roommate. Things get messy pretty fast, as you might expect from a bunch of ill-supervised adolescents. John Knowles novel, often compared to Catcher In The Rye, he raises a question about competition amongst teens. Competition is supposed to be healthy, but Knowles questions when do you draw a line between a fruitless rivalry and wanting to win at all costs. Knowles uses themes of friendship, identity and youth to establish quite clearly that knocking your best friend out of a tree is on the wrong side of that line. A Separate Peace focuses on the friendship between two sixteen-year-old boys, and its complicated. Friendship is a combination of admiration, respect, jealousy, and resentment. For all the camaraderie between them, these boys are still driven by good old healthy competition, which at times can end up being, well, less than healthy. Friendship blurs identity, as one boy begins to assimilate the life of the other. Narrator Gene has an inner struggle with himself trying to decide if he pushed best firend Finn off a tree, shattering his leg and dreams, on purpose or not. In the book he says It struck me then that I was injuring him again. It occurred to me that this could be an even deeper injury than what I had done before. I would have to back out of it, I would have to disown it. There are two ways to interpret this passage. Either this is one of Genes greatest moments of honesty or its yet another moment of justification. Knowles leaves it to the reader to decide if Gene would rather live with his shame than hurt Finny by revealing the truth, or if he is pretending he doesnt want to hurt Finny in order to recant the truth and save himself from persecution. In A Separate Peace John Knowles explores the difficulties with understanding ones own identity during adolescence. Identity is complicated enough as the narrator enters adulthood in a time of war, but a difficult friendship with Finny leads to a further confusion of identity. Attempting to alter identity serves a number of purposes in the book, from escaping guilt to living through others to dealing with insanity. Gene begins abandoning his identity and assimilating that of Finny because of the would be the guilt he feels for ending his Olympic dreams. Finny interested in turning Gene into a version of himself for the very same reason. Furing Finnys funeral Gene says I did not cry then or ever about Finny I could not escape a feeling that this was my own funeral, and you do not cry in that case. If Gene did in some way become a part of Finny, then part of Finny lives on in Gene. Gene alludes to this when he says that he still lives his life in Finnys created atmosphere. In the book youth exists in its own environment. Knowles physically, mentally, and emotionally isolates it from the rest of the world. In doing so growing up becomes the transition from the sheltered environment to the harsh realities of things like war, hatred, and fear. In the book while taking a walk Gene does a little introspection stating levels of reality I had never suspected before, a kind of thronging and epic grandeur which my superficial eyes and cluttered mind had been blind to before. They unrolled away impervious to me as though I were a roaming ghost. Essentially Gene has moved into the adult world. In doing so he is leaving his youth behind. That sense of emergence is reflected as he considers his old self, his younthful self, dead. Nearly all the major characters in the book attempt to alter identity but these attempts ultimately fail and then the characters are forced to deal with themselves, actions, and personal identities. Knowles cleverly uses the title of the book in order to explain the overall It wasnt the cider which made me surpass myself, it was this liberation we had torn from the gray encroachments of 1943, the escape we had concocted, this afternoon of momentary, illusory, special and separate peace. These lines offer meaning, and this one with a less militaristic meaning. Essentially in the book Knowles has created a peace that is separate from the rest of the world, isolated somehow, protected. Like the youth at Devon school? The rest of the world is at war, but Gene and the other boys at Devon have achieved a peace outside of that war, a peace that is separate from it.

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

The fiction book that I am doing my book report is on the novel, Animal Farm. This book was written by George Orwell in 1946. The setting of my book took place in a farm called â€Å"Manor Farm† during the Russian Revolution ear. The characters are basically farm animals. Some of these animals’ names are Old Major, Snowball, and Napoleon. They are all pigs from the farm. The animals on the farm get tired of how they are getting badly treated. So they end up overthrowing their farm owner Mr. Jones. After they overthrow their owner, the pigs start taking over the farm and taking control over all the other animals in the farm. Old Major was one of the oldest pigs in the farm. He was a very smart pig. He would tell the other animals how they were suppose to be living, how they were suppose to be getting treated and how they were suppose to get rid of their owner. One day Old Major was going to tell the animals what they must do and Old Major dies. Once Old Major dies the animals start fighting back against Mr. Jones. The animals even ended up getting rid of Mr. Jones. After Old Major died Napoleon and Snowball took over everything. Snowball didn’t last long on being one of the leaders with Napoleon. Napoleon ended up getting rid of Snowball too. Napoleon turned out to be an evil pig. He was just turning just like the humans in the book. Napoleon became a very mean pig that he ended up lying to all the farm animals and saying one thing and then doing another thing. Napoleon mainly just be treated the animals and started treating them bad. He would treat them like slaves in other words. So ever since the animals started to take control of the farm and the animals they finished up changing everything. The animals even ended up changing the farms name from â€Å"Manor Farm† to â€Å"Animal Farm†. But out of all the animals in the farm the smartest animals were the pigs. And the meanest pig out of all of them was Napoleon. Everything was a mess in the farm ever since the pigs got rid of Mr. Jones. Later on Mr. Jones tires to come back and get back his farm but the pigs did not let him. The book Animal Farm does not relate to me in any way.

Ucla Econ 101 Final Spring 2011

1 Final Exam (VERSION 1): Econ 101 †¢ Please write your name at the top of every page of this mideterm †¢ Please write your name, TA’s name, and the time of your discussion section here Your Name: TA’s Name: Discussion Time: †¢ The exam has one parts: Written Questions. †¢ There should be 16 total pages (front and back). Quickly read through the exam before beginning. †¢ There are 100 total points available. Point values are listed next to each problem part. Please allocate your time accordingly 1 2 Written Questions 1. Consider the following payo? matrix Player L M T 2, 0 3, 1 Player 1 C 3, 4 1, 2 B 1, 3 0, 2 2 R 4,2 2,3 3,0 . (5pnts) Find the pure strategy Nash equilibria of the simultaneous game b. (5pnts) Now suppose the game is played sequentially. Find the subgame perfect equilibrium if player 1 goes ? rst and if player 2 goes ? rst. c. (5pnts) Discuss whether each of the players would want to go ? rst or second. d. (5pnts) Write down a sy stem of equations such that the solution to the system would give a completely mixed strategy equilibrium of this game (please clearly de? ne all of your notation). Can this system of equations be solved? (Hint: think about the condition requiring player 1 to play B with positive probability).Explain what the answer means. 2 WORK SPACE 3 WORK SPACE 4 2. Suppose Player 1 and Player 2 are playing a simultaneous move game with the following payo? matrix: Player 2 L R T 0, 4 ? , 3 Player 1 B 3, 3 4, 6 where ? ? 0 a. (5pnts) De? ne a dominant strategy equilibrium. Is there any value of ? for which there is a dominant strategy equilibrium. If so, ? nd the values of ?. If not, show why. b. (5pnts) Describe all the pure and mixed strategy equilibria of the game as a function of ? c. (5pnts) Suppose ? = 5. What would the outcome be if the players could cooperate? 5 WORK SPACE 6 WORK SPACE 7 3.Billy has just inherited a horse ranch from his uncle. The ranch is located in Oshkosh, WI and rents horses. A unique feature of the stable is the nearby riding trails that overlook Lake Winnebago. Billy has two types of potential customers: novice riders (N) and serious riders (S). The (per customer) demand for horse rides on the ranch is qS = 75 ? 1. 25PS , where qS is the number of hourlong rides a serious rider makes per year. The demand for novice riders is qN = 57 ? 1. 25PN . Assume there are 75 riders of each type in the town. Billy’s cost function is T C = 12q, where q is the total number of hours the horses are ridden per year. . (5pnts) Suppose Billy does not price discriminate. Find prices, quantities, and Billy’s pro? t. b. (5pnts) Suppose Billy can tell who’s a serious rider because of the types of hat they ware. Find the 3rd degree price discriminating prices, quantities and pro? ts. c. (5pnts) Suppose Billy is not able to tell the di? erence between the two types of rider. He decides to start charging a yearly membership fee, T , as well as an h ourly price, p. Find the optimal choices of T and p d. (5pnts) Suppose Billy IS able to tell the di? erence between the two types of but still thinks the 2-part tari? is a good idea.Find the annual fee and per hour price that Billy would charge to each group 8 WORK SPACE 9 WORK SPACE 10 4. (16pnts) Boeing and Airbus are the 2 ? rms that produce commercial aircraft. The demand for airplanes is given by: Q = 10 ? P . Boeing’s costs are given by T CB = cB qB and Airbus’ costs are given by: T CA = cA qA where cA , cB are constants. a. (5pnts) Find the Cournot quantities, prices and pro? ts. Find Stackelberg quantities, prices, and pro? ts assuming Boeing chooses output ? rst b. (5pnts) Suppose that right now cB = cA = 5. Boeing has access to a process innovation that will lower marginal costs from 5 to 0.How much would Boeing be willing to invest to implement the innovation. (Assume Cournot Competition from here on) c. (5pnts) Suppose that the innovation is such that Airbu s can (imperfectly) copy it, so if Boeing makes the investment Airbus’ costs fall to 2. How much is Boeing willing to pay now? d. (5pnts) If Airbus can perfectly copy the innovation, how much would Boeing be willing to pay? Why is Boeing willing to pay a positive amount? 11 WORK SPACE 12 WORK SPACE 13 5. There are two types of people in the world Sky Divers and Cat People. Both types have wealth W = 100 and utility functions U (W ) = ln(W ).Both types of people can have an accident that leads them to lose $50 of wealth. Sky Divers are riskier and have accidents 75% of the time, while Cat People have accidents only 25% of the time. The proportion of Sky Divers in the economy is pS and the proportion of Cat People is pC = 1 ? pS a. (5pnts) How much would each type be willing to pay for an insurance policy that fully reimbursed them in the event of an accident? b. (5pnts) Write down the equations that, if you solved them, would give the amount each type would be willing to pay f or insurance that covered half their losses? . (5pnts) What is the fair price of (full) insurance for each type (i. e. if an insurer knows which type he is dealing with)? What is the fair price if the insurer cannot distinguish the two types? d. (5pnts) Assume insurers cannot distinguish the two types and that insurance markets are competitive so prices are the fair prices. Describe prices and who is insured in equilibrium as a function of pS e. (5pnts) Discuss the meaning of adverse selection in the context of this example 14 WORK SPACE 15 WORK SPACE 16

Classroom Assessment Essay

The primary distinction between internal and external assessment are the teachers. Teachers are expected to use classroom assessment as part of the job. There are a variety of ways teachers assess students in order to monitor progress, to grade performance and to modify instruction. But the manner in which teachers choose to assess students has a significant impact on the students’ classroom experience. In many ways, the format and content of repeated quizzes and tests defines a students’ experience of school and influences their view of the discipline. Classroom assessment is a nonstandardized, localized process idiosyncratic to teachers’ beliefs, knowledge and experience. The manner in which classroom assessment is constructed, enacted and utilized is teacher dependent. Classroom assessment requires teachers to make regular decisions and judgments about student learning on an ongoing basis. Assessment is the process of identifying, observing and interpreting cognition in order to designing and implementing classroom assessments. Teachers’ conceptions of how students learn influence not only how they interpret students’ work, but also the content and nature of feedback they provide (Delaware Professional Teaching Standard #8: Assessment). Prior to assessment design, teachers’ should gather information through interviews, observation and testing. It is also important to create an environment in which students are encourage sharing their thoughts with their peers and are willing to be sensitive to the social fabric of the classroom (Delaware Professional Teaching Standard #5: Learning Environment). External assessments also influence schools and classrooms, especially schools that serve students of poverty and other at-risk populations. School administrators and teachers should be familiar with the benefits and risks of external assessments. The practical reality is that the push for educational accountability, coupled with limited resources, will result in external assessments that cannot be replicating in classroom practices (Delaware Professional Teaching Standard #9: Professional Growth). External assessment will motivate teachers to prepare students for a successful testing rather than learning, restricting student involvement and enjoyment. The question for those interested in improving formative assessment is not whether there are effects, but to what degree can these effects be minimized or leveraged to support student learning. Collaboration with other educators is critical to expanding teachers’ assessment practices. Teacher collaboration can offer a safe environment for teachers to share and discuss their challenges and concerns and to discover solutions to assessment problems (Delaware Professional Teaching Standard #9: Professional Growth). Classroom assessment is based on the teacher’s methods of observation and judgments. Internal assessment is further influenced by local contexts and classroom environments, and occurs in classrooms on an ongoing basis. It is important to explore ways in which teachers can bring about positive changes in assessment and provide a vision for effective assessment practices, while promoting good learning and grading. Personal Reflection: I intend to use assessment as a bridge between practical experience and formal teacher training, in order to develop better teaching techniques. By assessing what students know about the realistic world around them, I will be able to develop lesson plans that help incorporate subject areas they are lacking, such as knowledge of local history or developing business plans. I will develop qualitative assessments through objective questioning and eliciting a student’s subjective interpretation of information, as well as standard techniques such as tests and quizzes.

First Anglo-Chinese War Essays

First Anglo-Chinese War Essays First Anglo-Chinese War Paper First Anglo-Chinese War Paper How do you understand the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War (1840-42)? The First Anglo-Chinese War broken out in 1840-42. it was a war to show about the reaction of China to the Western country. Before First Anglo-Chinese War, China was a closed country, but after the War, the door of China became to opien. So the First Anglo-Chinese War was very important in Chinese History. But why the First Anglo-Chinese War broken out? What is the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War. To the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War, some people said that it was caused by opium trade.But in my own opinion, the First Anglo-Chinese War was more suitable for the name of the commercial war. Traditionally, British look the trade as very important. Most of the war that British declared just because of trade. In 17th centry, British were already trade with China. The British buy so many tea and silk from China and just sell a little of cotton to China. It made the disbalance of trade. Britain lost money for every year. So in order to change this situation, British demanded China to open more trade port to do the trade. And also cancelled the Gonghong policy, let the British merchant do the free trade in China.But to China, traditionally China did not look trade as important. : Because Chinese thought that they use agricultural to build the country. also Chinese thought that to trade with foreigners are the policy of favour to the foreigners. It was a gift, so the foreigners could demand any more to China. So China refused all the demand about British. Sin order to open Chinas market and make the British merchant could do the free trade in China, the only way to solve was use war to force China to open her market. Some people argued that the First-Anglo Chinese War was a Opium War. It was because Lin-Zixyu flow all the Opium.The British government fight with China because Chinese government made British lost in the Opium. However, the opium trade still not a main reason to make British to fight with China. It is because British government knew that opium was not a moral thing. So British government would not fight with China just because of the opium. Although British earned a lot of silver. In the opium trade, British government thought if China could open her market, Britain must earn a lot of money too. Because opium was not a moral thing, so if the British could made choice, they wont see opium to China.Moreover, if British government really treat opium important, then why British government did not demand China in Treaty of Nanijng to make opium become legal. So we can see that the First Anglo-Chinese War were mainly caused by the ordinary trade, but not the opium trade. Also some people said that if opium were replaced by cotton, the war still would broke out. I agree on this. because opium just as an excuse to force China to open her market. Whatever opium or cotton, the only aim for British were opened Chinas market. Some people said that the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War was different cultural.Yes because of different cultural, like China treat trade not important, but British treat trade important. Also China treat foreigners as barbarians, they did not respect to British and different law between Britain and China. But every years, although the different cultural, there were still a lot of merchants went to China to trade. We can see that the British could earn benefit from the trade. So they didnt mind any different cultural. The only think they would consider was how to earn money. Some people said the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War is diplomatic problems.Because the emperor of China didnt respect to the British missionaries. The Emperor need the missionaries to kowtao to him. It made the missionaries very angry. However, if the British really mind about the diplomatic problems, why they still modified to kowtao to emperor. And sent three not one missionaries to China. Also the three missionaries came to China just to talk about trade between Britain and China. To conclude, the nature of the First Anglo-Chinese War only have one. It is the commercial trade. If the trade between China and Britain could become better, their will be no First Anglo-Chinese War.

3 Simple Ways You Can Be More Positive at Work

3 Simple Ways You Can Be More Positive at Work To be perfectly honest, I find working closely with groups of people somewhat stressful. I notice plenty of details and lots of them are irritating. You may work with griping colleagues, grouchy colleagues, hypercritical colleagues, or just complaining ones.How can you channel that nitpicky attitude into something that benefits the whole team? And how can you make sure you’re not a drain on the office yourself? Eve Ash, over at SmartCompany.com, has some helpful tips for you and your team.1. Make Negativity More ProductivePut that judginess to work! Your detail-oriented approach will help you identify errors or inconsistencies and address them before they hurt your company’s profile. Use your always see the problems skills to be your teams editor or worst-case-scenario planner. If youre going to find fault in things, you might as well fix them!The challenge is making sure your diplomacy skills are also well-developed, too- Mary Poppins was on to something with her spoon ful of sugar idea.2. Work On YourselfWhether you work with colleagues  who are negative or find yourself bogged down in self-critical or irritable thoughts, look for ways to turn your attitude around. Try to appreciate the passion behind  a cub-mates inquiry or the opportunity to have them vet your work before a higher-up or a client sees it. Lower your defenses to hear their corrections as a sign of their investment in your shared work, not a criticism of you!3. Encourage Others When You CanIf you’re receiving feedback that feels relentlessly negative or you find yourself caught up giving  harsh critiques without softening them with some more complementary responses, make an effort to accompany every criticism with a constructive suggestion (and to ask that your colleagues provide the same). Make sure you acknowledge a job well done, even if it involves correction of your own work or what feels like a challenge to your authority!

Author's tone and purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Author's tone and purpose - Essay Example Not even a short one. If that what you are looking for, you don’t want me†. The author other purpose was to show how the short story has been dominated far too long by the novel. The other author meticulously shows this by adeptly using metaphors. Millhauser describes this predominance by metaphorically writing, â€Å"The novel buys up the land, cuts down the trees, puts up the condos.† One of the tones the author of the article has used is tough tone. This tone is captured when Millhauser describes the novel as â€Å"exhaustive by nature, it can hardly contain itself.† Furthermore, Millhauser still captures a tough tone, no doubt, when he writes strongly about the novel â€Å"after all, what difference does it make? It’s nothing but talk.† The other tone the author capture in his work is optimisms. Millhauser demonstrates his sense of optimism by writing optimistically about the short story. Millhauser describes the short story as â€Å"modest in its pretensions, shyly proud of its petite

Vincent Van Gogh at the National Gallery of Art Essay

Vincent Van Gogh at the National Gallery of Art - Essay Example Reproductions of his work appear on posters, calendars, mouse pads, and other widespread consumer items. His influence was especially strong on the French Fauvists and German Expressionists immediately following his death. Even those works not immediately known today are quickly recognized by his unique style and approach, yet Van Gogh himself saw little of this success or popularity while he was alive. No publications can be found discussing his work while he was alive and only a few mentions of him, mostly negative, are found before 1910. However, paintings such as Wheatfield with Cypress reveal a great deal of the artist’s approach and emotion as well as the various ways in which he revolutionized the art world. Wheatfield with Cypress is an example of Van Gogh’s work while he was a resident at Saint-Remy hospital for the mentally unstable. It is a member of a series of paintings in which Van Gogh explored an image or a theme. Whether it was this painting or another one of the series, he wrote to his brother Theo that the trees â€Å"are always occupying my thoughts, I should like to make something of them like the canvases of the sunflowers, because it astonishes me that they have not yet been done as I see them. The tree is as beautiful of line and proportion as an Egyptian obelisk. And the green has a quality of such distinction. It is a splash of black in a sunny landscape, but it is one of the most interesting black notes, and the most difficult to hit off exactly that I can imagine† (cited in Wallace, 1969: 144). His fascination with the trees themselves as well as their contribution to the landscape overall is evident within this painting. The image depicts an initially confusing scene. The brightly lit landscape is covered by a swirling mass of clouds in a sky that seems eternally blue. The scene depicts a golden wheatfield not far from the hospital in which Van Gogh stayed in southern France.

Parliamentary sovereignty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Parliamentary sovereignty - Essay Example The notion of Parliamentary Sovereignty has been central to democratic practice for a considerable period of time. In a democracy, the legislature is elected by popular vote and this has been a major feature of the English Constitution. In the initial stages of democracy in Britain, liberty was at grave risk due to monarchical power.1 As a consequence of the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty, the Parliament was empowered to enact or rescind any law whatsoever. In addition, no individual or organisation was permitted by English Law to set aside or overrule legislation enacted by Parliament. In R (Jackson) v Attorney General,2 Lord Hope stated that Parliamentary Sovereignty was not absolute. Thereafter he referred to the enactment of the 1972 European Communities Act and the 1998 Human Rights Act which had effectively diminished the power of Parliament to legislate.3 There was disagreement among their Lordships, regarding the ruling in R (Jackson) v Attorney General. This divergenc e in view related to whether the process detailed under section 2 of the Parliament Act 1911 and 1949, could be employed by the House of Commons to extend the life of Parliament beyond 5 years. The decision in the Jackson case apparently supports this view. Most of the members of the House of Lords were against this conclusion.4 However, they were signally unable to substantiate it in a manner that was consistent with promoting the supremacy of Parliament. In particular, Lord Hope highlighted the fact that the notion of absolute legislative sovereignty of Parliament that had been derived by Dicey from Blackstone and Coke was undergoing gradual change. However, in his judgement in this case, Lord Hope refrained from explicitly declaring that the courts lacked the power to question the validity of legislation for the reason that the latter was incompatible with union legislation.5 However, Lord Hope was of the opinion that union legislation was a tangible constraint on Parliamentary S overeignty. As per Lord Hope, the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty was central to the Constitution. However, due to certain developments, Parliamentary Sovereignty was not absolute. Consequently, it would be incorrect to contend that Parliament’s freedom to legislate is unrestricted.6 In addition, Lord Hope stated that the rule of law, which was implemented by the courts, was the decisive controlling factor, and that the Constitution was founded on this element. Furthermore, Parliamentary Sovereignty would be rendered a hollow doctrine, if the general public refused to acknowledge legislation enacted by it, on the grounds that it was extremely offensive and incongruous. The fulcrum of the British Constitution is the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty. Dicey, wrote extensively on the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty and deemed it to be the underlying feature of British political institutions, as well as the very bedrock of constitutional law.7 As per Dicey, parlia ment can repeal or enact any law and the judiciary cannot hold a statute to be invalid for the reason that it breaches legal or moral principles.8 Thus, every fundamental law, with the exception of the principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty, can be altered by Parliament. One of the critical features of the rule of sovereignty is that no parliament has the power to bind its successors. Thus, there is no avenue, whereby a parliament can ingrain an Act of Parliament.9 In other words, every Act of Parliament can be repealed by subsequent legislation. Dicey was a strong proponent of the thought that the Rule of Law would be affected by discretionary power, as the latter would ultimately result in arbitrary decisions. This has been criticised by some scholars, who have contended that discretion is inevitable in a modern state, if a wide range of regulatory and welfare duties have to be carried out.10 All the same, several important values are incorporated in the Rule of Law, such as acces s to justice, accountability, certainty, due process, efficiency,

Personality Features of the Entrepreneur

Personality Features of the Entrepreneur Ability to set high personal but obtainable aims The concern of personal accomplishment, rather than reward of success Knowledge and experience-According to Schultz (1975) states that entrepreneur talent is not only innate, but may also improve by experience and education. Entrepreneur knowledge is the important element for any company performance. Brà ¼derl et al (1992) states that the higher level of Entrepreneur education bring positivity in the productivity, which automatically leads to increase the company profit. Hence higher productivity helps to increase efficiency and processing of management and on otherwise tends to attract the customers and participating profitably with suppliers and Investors. Hambrick and Mason(1984) also concludes that company success is totally dependent on the entrepreneur Knowledge. Knowledge mainly depends on the education and the past experience (Barker III and Mueller 2002; Hadjimanolis 2000).By attaining good knowledge, entrepreneur develops new innovative ideas and try to make them real. On the other hand Hisrich Peter (1995); Mcgrath MacMillan (2000) argues that there is perception that education experience do make contribution to the function of Entrepreneurship, however these experiences may not always exclusively transpire through formal education The environment of the different culture can produce difference in attitude (Baskerville 2003) as well as differences in the behaviour of entrepreneurial (North 1990; Shane 1994) culture knowledge is another aspect which can be understood by entrepreneur. According to Zhao (2010), the cultural awareness could be defined as the understanding of a peoples historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. Therefore, as Rogers and Steinfatt (1999) argue, culture has very powerful effects on individual behaviour including entrepreneurial behaviour. Vernon et aI (1997) explained that culture is an significant in any discussion of Entrepreneurship because it determines the attitude of individuals towards the commencement of Entrepreneurship. Prior hand experience is considered to be beneficial for any entrepreneur and can be expected to have a greater ability to resist unfavourable shocks and to perform corrective actions in a new venture. According to Davidsson and Honig (2003) Starr and Bygrave (1992) explains that the previous experience helps to lead to an implement skills that critically influences subsequent efforts to establish and build up new ventures. Also Shane(2000) Ucbasaran et al. (2003) concludes that the individuals who engage in the multiple starts-up called habitual entrepreneur, who develops a entrepreneurial approach and problem solving ability which automatically helps to increase their skill to recognize and utilize further opportunity. Propensity to take Risk-Risk attitude influence the entire life cycle of Entrepreneur. According to Cramer et al (2002) caliendo et al (2009), there is positive linkage between Risk attitude and the decision to become an Entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs tend to be more independently-minded, ready to take risks and accept the penalty if things go wrong.Casson (1982) concludes that risk taking ability and innovativeness are the personal characteristics and more over they have all the knowledge of handling business. Thus, people with more experience, higher abilities or greater knowledge in the field of potential self-employment tend to perceive the risks connected with certain decisions as lower ( Gifford 2003).Caird(1988) also agreed with Casson and concludes that successful entrepreneurs have abilities and knowledge to sense business risks and profitability and try to accurate errors to improve business performance and prospects. On the other hand Grable and Lytton (1998) also claim that the educational level of entrepreneurs is the most important variable in distinguishing risk-taking intensity in businesses. Psychological theory has pointed out that the individuals risk attitude is only one of numerous personal variables possibly influencing the decision to become an entrepreneur ( Rauch and Frese 2000). Person risk attitude is one of the key variable In the choice between a salaried job and entrepreneurship. According to Chell et al. (1991), there should be an inverse U-shaped relation between risk attitudes and entrepreneurial survival, where low risk attitudes characterize more risk averse and high risk attitudes indicate less risk averse persons. Recent research by Baron (2004) and K ¨ollinger et al (2007) provides further explanations for why particularly risk-seeking entrepreneurs might decide to start a business venture, even if low or even negative outcomes may arise with relatively high probability. Leadership- According to Graen and Scandura(1987) Leadership is broadly viewed as an interactive process, dependent upon both leaders and followers . and an entrepreneur is often described as a leader who must define a vision of what is possible and attract people to rally around that vision and transform it into reality (Kao, 1989). Hence, it is argued that there is interconnection between entrepreneurship and leadership (Jensen and Luthans, 2006) and to be successful entrepreneurs must possess leadership skills (Colbert, 2003).A leader has to be Entrepreneur aswell.It has been written that Entrepreneurial leadership deals with concepts and ideas,which are related to problems that are not of an organisational nature ( EL-Namaki 1992). Hinterhuber and Krauthammer (1998) assert that in todays turbulent environment, which demands not only continual innovation but radical improvements in all stakeholders satisfaction, leadership is more critical than ever for entrepreneurs. Author agin states that leadership stands onthree pillars: (1) Envisioning (2) Being an example and (3) Increasing the value of the firm Avolio et al (2004) provided a theory driven Framework for Studying Entrepreneur as a leader, with the focus on experience, self regulatory process, and leader behaviour The above theory explores that how a entrepreneur leadership can positively linked to the organisation commitment, satisfaction of the job, happiness to his/her employees. Rhoades et al(2001) add on that when employees are treated in a fair and caring manner, they become more committed towards the organisation ,and more likely to have positive attitude. Confidence- Confidence is the key to success for any individual. Very few Entrepreneur need to have important skills, out of which confidence is very vital. Confidence helps entrepreneur to convert an idea into Business success. According to Wilson et al., (2007) self confidence is based on the abilities and perception of the skills rather than objective ability. But Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM) found that there is difference between the level of self confidence ability to believe in an entrepreneurs non-entrepreneurs. Minniti et al., 2004) also supports the idea of GEM that there is difference between the level of confidence in an Entrepreneur. Boyd and Vozikiss theory of intentionality helps us understand the role of confidence here too. They argue that self-efficacy not only positively influences intention, but that it also influences the transformation of intention into action (Boyd and Vozikis, 1994).While many entrepreneurs may have a clear intention to start a busine ss, not all do, and one of the things which predicts entrepreneurial action (i.e. launch) is self-efficacy. High confidence promotes a go-ahead spirit that can lead to success amid such uncertainty (Bazerman,1998) On the other hand Forbes (2005) states that the Entrepreneur who found their own business are more over confident than those who dint. According to Griffin and Varey, (1996) ,over confident is treated as situation specific. He means that the individual who is overconfident in one task might not be in second one. Gist and Mitchell (1992) Social cognitive theory tells us that self-efficacy, an assessment of ones confidence, is situation specific and implemented to the particular tasks rather than a general state of being. The real power to attract money comes from our own self-reliance, determination, and will; not from any dependence on anothers help and support. The power to attract money comes from the psychological viewpoint that I am the ultimate determinant of my fate. One of the reasons for Americas founding and continuous success was that her people were dedicated to self-reliance. Casson, M. (1982). The Entrepreneur: And Economic Theory. Oxford: Martin Robertson. Caird, S. (1988). A Review of Methods of Measuring Enterprising Attributes. Durham: Durham University Business School. Davidsson, P. (1989). Continued Entrepreneurship and Small Firm Business. Stockholm: Stockholm School of Economics Bellu, R.R. (1988). Entrepreneurs and managers: are they different? In Reynolds, P.D., Birley, S., Butler, J.E., Bygrave, W.D., Bird, B. (1992). The operation of intentions intime : the emergence of new venture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17 (1), 11-20 Brockhaus, R H. (1982). The psychology of the entrepreneur, hi Kent, C. A., Sexton, D. and Vesper. K. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship (pp. 39-56). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. McClelland, D.C. (1961), The Achieving Society. Princeton, NJ: Van Norstrand Co Opportunity-According to Shane et al (2000) The major task of entrepreneur is to find out and utilize oppurtunities Risk taking Capability- according to REFERENCES FOR BIT 1 Baskerville, R.F. 2003. Hofstede Never Studied Culture. Accounting, Organizations and Society 28(1):1-14 North, D.C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. New York: Norton. Shane, S. 1994. The Effect of National Culture on the Choice between Licensing and Direct Foreign Investment. Strategic Management Journal 15:627-642. Brà ¼derl, J., Preisendorfer, P., Ziegler., R., (1992), Survival Chances of Newly Founded Organizations,American Sociological Review, Vol: 57, 227-242 Hambrick, D. C., Mason, P. A., (1984), Upper echelons: the organization as a reflection of its top managers,Academy of Management Review, Vol. 9, no. 2, 193-206 Barker, V. L., III, Mueller, G.C., (2002), CEO characteristics and firm RD spending, Management Science, Vol. 48, no. 6, 782-801 Hadjimanolis, A., (2000), A resource based view of innovativeness in small firms. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, Vol. 12, no. 2, 263-28 Shane, S. and Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25, 217-26 Shane, S. (2000), Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities, Organization Science, Vol. 11, pp. 217-26. Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P., Wright, M. and Binks, M. (2003), Does entrepreneurial experience influence opportunity identification?, The Journal of Private Equity, Vol. 7, pp. 7-14. Davidsson, P. and Honig, B. (2003), The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 18, pp. 301-31. Starr, J.A. and Bygrave, W.D. (1992), The second time around: the outcomes, assets, and liabilities of prior start-up experience, in Birley, S. and MacMillan, I.C. (Eds), International Perspectives on Entrepreneurship Research 1991: Proceedings of the First Annual Global Conference on Entrepreneurship Research, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 340-63. Vernon -wortzel, H. Wortzel, L. (1997) strategic management in Global economy, John wiley, New York, NY Schultz, T.(1975) The value of the ability to deal with disequlibria. Journal of economic literature, 13,827-846 McgrathMacMillan(2000) The Entrepreneurial Mindset. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Caliendo et al., 2009 M. Caliendo, F. Fossen and A. Kritikos, Risk attitudes of nascent entrepreneurs: new evidence from an experimentally-validated survey, Small Business Economics 32 (2) (2009), pp. 153-167 Cramer et al., 2002 J. Cramer, J. Hartog, N. Jonker and C. Van Praag, Low risk aversion encourages the choice for entrepreneurship: an empirical test of a truism, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 48 (2002), pp. 29-3 Grable, J., Lytton, R. H. (998). Investor risk tolerance: Testing the efficacy of demographics as differentiating and classifying factors. Financial Counseling and Planning, 9(1),61-73 Caird, S. (1988). A Review of Methods of Measuring Enterprising Attributes. Durham: Durham University Business School. Chell, E., J. Harworth, and S. Brearley (1991). The search for entrepreneurialtraits. In E. Chell, J. Harworth, and S. Brearley (Eds.), The EntrepreneurialPersonality: Concepts, Cases and Categories, Routledge Small Business Series,pp. 29-53. London: Thomson Learning Baron, R. (2004). The cognitive perspective: A valuable tool for answering entrepreneurships basic why questions. Journal of Business Venturing 19, 221-240. K ¨ollinger, P., M. Minniti, and C. Schade (2007). I think I can, I think I can: Overconfidence and entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology 28 (4),502-527. Gifford, S. (2003). Risk and uncertainty. In Z. Acs D. Audretsch (Eds.), Handbook of entrepreneurship research:An interdisciplinary survey and introduction (pp. 37-52).Kluwer Academic Publishers. Rauch, A., Frese, M. (2000). Psychological approaches to entrepreneurial success: A general model and an overview of findings. In C. Cooper I. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 101-142). Wiley. Kauer, D., Waldeck, T.C. and Schaffer, U. (2007), Effects of top managerial team characteristics on strategic decision making, Management Decision, Vol. 45 No. 6, pp. 942-67. Miller, D.Dorge, C.and Toulouse, J.M. (1988), Strategeic process and content as mediators between organization, Acadamy of Managemt journal, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 544-569. McClelland, 1990. D.C. McClelland, Human motivation. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990) Gartner, W.B., Bird, B.J. and Starr, J.A. (1992), Acting as if: differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Spring, pp. 13-31. Kao, R.W.Y. (1989), Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development, Holt, Rinehart Winston of Canada, Toronto Jensen, S.M. and Luthans, F. (2006), Entrepreneurs as authentic leaders: impact on employees attitudes, Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol. 27 No. 8, pp. 646-66. Colbert, F. (2003), Entrepreneurship and leadership in marketing the arts, International Journal of Arts Management, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 30-9. Avolio, B.J. and Luthans, F. (2006), The High Impact Leader: Moments Matter in Accelerating Authentic Leadership Development, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. and Armeli, S. (2001), Affective commitment to the organization:the contribution of perceived organizational support, Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol. 86, pp. 825-6 Hinterhuber, H.H. and Krauthammer, E. (1998), The leadership wheel: the tasks entrepreneurs and senior executives cannot delegate, Strategic Change, Vol. 7, pp. 149-62 Wilson, F., Kickul, J. and Marlino, D. (2007), Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship education, Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 387-406 Minniti, M., Arenius, P. and Langowitz, N. (2004), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2004 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship, The Center for Womens Leadership at Babson College,Babson Park, MA Forbes, D.P. (2005), Are some entrepreneurs more overconfident than others?, Journalof Business Venturing, Vol. 20 No. 5, pp. 623-40. Gist, M.E. and Mitchell, T.R. (1992), Self-efficacy: a theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 183-211. Griffin, D.W. and Varey, C.A. (1996), Towards a consensus on overconfidence, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 65 No. 3, p. 227 Bazerman, M.H. (1998), Judgement in Managerial Decision-making, John Wiley Sons, NewYork, NY Boyd, N.G. and Vozikis, G.S. (1994), The influence of self-efficacy on the development ofentrepreneurial intentions and actions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 63-77

Womens Sinister Roles in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer

Women's Sinister Roles in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   In reading Shakespeare's tragic drama Macbeth, one meets only one good woman - Lady Macduff. The remaining female characters are basically evil. Let's consider mainly Lady Macduff and only briefly the three witches.    Blanche Coles states in Shakespeare's Four Giants that Macbeth's wife had considerable leverage over her husband's mind:    This was her opportunity to do as she had promised herself she would do after she had read the letter - to pour her spirits into his ear, to chasten with the valor of her tongue all that might impede him from the golden crown. We may be sure she took this opportunity to use all her monstrous powers of persuasion. Thus he goaded himself, or was goaded by his wife, into searing the terrible oath, whether he had any clear purpose of keeping it or not. (48-49)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson mentions the very wife-like manner in which the queen fulfilled her essential role in the tragedy:    It requires an extraordinary exertion of will and persuasion from Lady Macbeth to strengthen his wavering purpose. Professor Kittredge used to point out to his classes that Lady Macbeth, in urging Macbeth to act, uses the three arguments that every wife, some time or other, uses to every husband: "You promised me you'd do it!" "You'd do it if you loved me!" "If I were a man, I'd do it myself!" But Macbeth's mind is made up by her assurance that they may do it safely by fixing the guilt upon Duncan's chamberlains. (72)    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye shows that a lady is the actual driving force in the play:    That Macbeth is being hurried into a premature act by his wife is a point unlikely to escape the most listless member of the audience, but Macbeth comes to regret the instant of fatal delay in murdering Macduff, and draws the moral that    The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it. From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand.    That is, in future he will try to attain the successful ruler's spontaneous rhythm of action. (91)    L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" describes the unnaturalness in the thoughts and words of the plays dominant female force, Lady Macbeth:

Immoral Greed †War and Morality

I am writing to you today because I want to express to you my ideas on morality and war. Morality is an ideal that can be defined as doing what is right, from a philosophical perspective, regardless of the potential consequences of taking action. Although morality is simple to define, what is moral to one person may be immoral to another, making morality entirely subjective when it comes to real problems. Political, societal, and religious influences are just a few inputs that can affect whether a person sees a particular situation as either moral or immoral. Morality is entirely relative, and can change based on the situation. One of the most controversial issues, as morality is concerned, is that of war. While war is a necessary evil, political influences and the need for power make war a potential immoral action when it is not done for the betterment of a nation or society. The motives of a nation that goes to war are one of the most controversial when it comes to the issues of morality. A nation can become involved in a violent interaction for many reasons, and the morality of the war can be based on these reasons. Some wars are fueled by power hungry politicians, while others are waged on religious or societal beliefs and impressions. The issue of morality and war is covered in Jimmy Carter’s, â€Å"Just War – or a Just War?† and Martin Luther King, Jr.’s, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†. First, I believe that in order for a war to be a moral war, all non-violent options must be exercised. In Jimmy Carter’s op-ed piece, entitled â€Å"Just War – or a Just War?†, Mr. Carter makes the observation that â€Å"†¦ war can be waged only as a last resort† (Carter 260). Before a war is waged, a nation’s leaders should exhaust any diplomatic means of resolving the differences they have with their foes. In some governments, hunger for power, rather than acting on a threat, causes war to be waged at the drop of a hat. In the current war in Iraq, there is much controversy over whether the United States declared war on Iraq because it was a last resort, or because the U.S. was hungry for power, and wanted to exert its influence over the Iraqi people. This element of war is further corroborated in Martin Luther King, Jr.’s , â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†. At the height of racial tension in the South, King writes, â€Å"†¦ the city’s white power structure left the Negro community with no alternative† (King, Jr. 164). This reflects that not only can war be waged between nations, it can also be waged in a different sense, among a nation. Mr. King also outlines four steps in resolving conflicts in a non-violent manner, â€Å"†¦ collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action† (King, Jr. 164). It is important to note that the final step in this outline is direct action. In the same way that problems between nations must be resolved, tensions among a nation must also be resolved, and these attempts at a resolution must be made in a diplomatic way if possible before war is waged. Secondly, I believe that a moral war must consist of actions that are equivalent to those actions taken against the nation. Although the consequences of war, such as death and destruction, are inevitable, Carter also notes that, â€Å"Its violence must be proportional to the injury we have suffered† (Carter 260). To lash out at a weaker nation simply because of differing ideals is not an acceptable cause for war. However, to react to a threat or aggressive acts, is an acceptable cause to wage a war. Many times, governments are hungry for power and will go to war for any reason, simply to exert their power and influence over other countries, thus extending their influence across the nations. For example, the war that the United States has waged against Iraq is a questionable one when it comes to this element. Carter notes that the â€Å"†¦ efforts to tie Iraq to the 9/11 terrorist attacks have been unconvincing† (Carter 260). Although Saddam Hussein’s rule over his people may have been cruel and murderous, the United States did not have the evidence they should have had linking Iraq to the Twin Towers incident in order to justify declaring war. In this sense, the current war may not be moral, as the United States acted out of proportion to any actions Iraq took against us. The idea of any retaliation against or among a nation being based only on injuries suffered, is furthered in Mr. King’s observations. In Martin Luther King, Jr.’s, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, he notes that â€Å"we have not made a single gain in civil rights without determined legal and nonviolent pressure† (King, Jr. 166). Because the injuries suffered by the African American public in the South were not of a physical nature, but rather a political nature, Mr. King reiterates that with consistent pressure from the African American community in a non-violent manner, they have been able to make progress in obtaining civil rights. It is important to note Mr. King’s emphasis on the necessity of determination in bringing about any amount of change to the African American community. To resolve the conflict in the South between races, it took many years of protesting and non-violent measures, and if the African American population had not been determined to bringing about a non-violent end to their struggle, the changes that took place may have never occurred. Finally, I believe that a war can only be considered to be moral if the outcome of the war is a significant improvement over the nation that existed prior to the conflict. Carter notes that in order for a war to be just, â€Å"The peace it establishes must be a clear improvement over what exists† (Carter 260). In essence, the aftermath of the war must create a sense of peace that is much improved over what had previously existed within the nation – if it does not, the war was ultimately in vain. These elements are apparent in the current war that the United States is waging in Iraq. The United States has gone to war with Iraq, perhaps with the best of intentions for the Iraqi people, but only chaos and destruction have ensued. The peace of the nation of Iraq has not been much improved over what was previously in place. Martin Luther King, Jr. touches on the idea of acceptable moral reasons for demanding changes, as well. Mr. King writes, â€Å"Thus it is that I can urge men to obey the 1954 decision of the Supreme Court, for it is morally right; and I can urge them to disobey segregation ordinances, for they are morally wrong† (King, Jr. 168). In both Carter and King’s writing, it is well noted that peace is the ultimate goal of any conflict, whether it be between nations or among one nation. In conclusion, morality is a subjective ideal that is a contributor to conflicts both between nations and among one nation. War is necessary, but can be based on political, religious, or societal pressures of a nation. War can be perpetuated by political greed, or religious and societal reasons. It is important for a nation to make a valiant attempt to diplomatically resolve their conflicts with other nations or among their own nation before waging war. The morality of waging war is one of the most controversial issues nations face, whether it be with other nations or in dealing with conflicts among their own nation. Works Cited Carter, Jimmy. â€Å"Just War – or a Just War?† The Presence of Others: voices and images that call for response. Andrea Lunsford and John Ruszkiewicz. Boston: Bedford, 2004. 259-261. King, Jr., Martin L. â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†. The Presence of Others: voices and images that call for response. Andrea Lunsford and John Ruszkiewicz. Boston: Bedford, 2004. 163-176.